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RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/2/2008 4:07:45 PM   
da Rock



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quote:

ORIGINAL: iron eagel

I would like to see how fast we could make a prop driven model go.



Oh man, just two models?

Let's see, "a prop driven model"....... hmmmmmmmmmmmm

A buddy who likes the big ones and I were talking the other day. He feels that his 33% is "naturally" faster but looks slower. So next time he went up, I looked around at the bench riders, said, "watch this" and cranked up my little ol' 60 size. He is not what you'd call a serene, unflappable flyer so I only made a couple of runs "with" him. And then landed and asked the bench riders if they knew where he kept his nitro pills. Turned out after that that we had a spirited discussion about what speed a big gasser would probably do and if it'd "naturally" be faster than a "model airplane". Well, truth is, "right after that", we had a discussion about how many models in the air is a "safe" number. And of course, after we found his nitro pills.

I profess to believe that there has to be an adequately small and decently light V8 driving around in maybe something like the Ford Cobra or the GT40 replicas that would lend itself to a nice, hot 50% model. And I think there are crate engines for sale that put out over 550hp. Yeah, it'd take a little bit of streamling, but what the heck. I got some heavy duty servos if you got some tires that'd work. What else would we need?

Hey, forget the tires. If we're going for a record, one of my flying buddies was a linebacker for Green Bay and could maybe hand lauch for us. Heck, with him throwing, the model wouldn't need to accelerate too much. And we could launch from just beyond the speed traps and wouldn't need to dive for speed.

I think it'd work.

< Message edited by da Rock -- 4/2/2008 4:11:15 PM >

(in reply to iron eagel)
       Post #: 51

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/2/2008 6:08:04 PM   
BMatthews



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Spanwise flow isn't always a bad thing in small amounts. The Schumann (Schumman? -sp) planform used so often on todays sailplanes for both models and full sized is actually designed to encourage a measure of spanwise flow. Also is the amount of spanwise flow not related to the lift coefficient? I'm not too sure on that one..... If it is then the Cl for this thing at 180 mph is stupidly low so the spanwise flow should be quite small as well. But you raise a good point about this. If we have spanwise flow then that would indicate that the fins at the tips may well be better off as a single fin at the root. At first it would indicate that they could be angled inward so as to present themselves to the airflow at a 0 angle of attack However if the spanwise flow is Cl related then there's only going to be one specific speed range where the drag will be very low with that setup. Some data on the spanwise flow would be needed to determine this angle and any drag penalties at lower speeds to determine if this is an issue as it climbs up "onto the step" and sees less drag at the higher speeds and normal range of lift coefficients. Obviously the angles for the tip fins would be set to provide the least drag in the 170 to 200 mph range.

If this spanwise flow and drag on the fins ends up too high then we'd have to revert to a center fin on an extended stinger.

For a "yank and bank" model like a pylon racer yes it would be nice to have a higher aspect ratio. But for a flying style where speed is the issue and the only issue the transitions from the dive to the level trap run can be more mild a more normal aspect ratio should be be good enough to avoid adding a lot of induced drag and bleeding off speed. To this end my wing could be slightly increased in aspect ratio if needed but as it sit's now I think it would be OK. Keeping in mind that a 3 G turn of our wing at 6 lbs AUW will only require it to increase the angle of attack to a paltry 0.7 degrees and a Cl of .08 I don't think that for this style the induced drag reduction of a higher aspect ratio is worth the structural issues it would bring. Some figuring would be needed so that the pilot would know what the various radii of turns at 180 to 220 mph will be to avoid exceeding a 2 to 3 G pullout and thus avoid driving the induced drag up.

If the spanwise flow is an issue I can still see using a flying wing but altering it to more of a crescent shape and either staying with the tip fins and including some toe in to reduce drag or moving back to a center fin. New sketch to follow.


_____________________________

Bruce-
Proudly wasting balsa since 1965.

Free Flighters go that extra mile........

(in reply to iron eagel)
       Post #: 52

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/2/2008 6:34:52 PM   
iron eagel



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From: Middleboro, MA, USA
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quote:

ORIGINAL: da Rock

quote:

ORIGINAL: iron eagel

I would like to see how fast we could make a prop driven model go.



Oh man, just two models?

Let's see, "a prop driven model"....... hmmmmmmmmmmmm

A buddy who likes the big ones and I were talking the other day. He feels that his 33% is "naturally" faster but looks slower. So next time he went up, I looked around at the bench riders, said, "watch this" and cranked up my little ol' 60 size. He is not what you'd call a serene, unflappable flyer so I only made a couple of runs "with" him. And then landed and asked the bench riders if they knew where he kept his nitro pills. Turned out after that that we had a spirited discussion about what speed a big gasser would probably do and if it'd "naturally" be faster than a "model airplane". Well, truth is, "right after that", we had a discussion about how many models in the air is a "safe" number. And of course, after we found his nitro pills.

I profess to believe that there has to be an adequately small and decently light V8 driving around in maybe something like the Ford Cobra or the GT40 replicas that would lend itself to a nice, hot 50% model. And I think there are crate engines for sale that put out over 550hp. Yeah, it'd take a little bit of streamling, but what the heck. I got some heavy duty servos if you got some tires that'd work. What else would we need?

Hey, forget the tires. If we're going for a record, one of my flying buddies was a linebacker for Green Bay and could maybe hand lauch for us. Heck, with him throwing, the model wouldn't need to accelerate too much. And we could launch from just beyond the speed traps and wouldn't need to dive for speed.

I think it'd work.


I had to sign in from work to reply to this one. LOL
Perhaps that 1/4 scale Merlin would be the answer...
At one time I knew where there were three Allisons sitting in crates long gone now, if only I had know at the time what they were worth, or could be used for.
Anyhow perhaps I should have qualified that "prop driven model" a bit more...
Something that fits within the guidelines that HighPlains had mentioned with a .96 as the limit of displacement.

As far as only two planes, well two speed planes one of the traditional type as HighPlains has sugested, and another bit more exotic one that Bruce has come up with.

Then I have a couple that I would like to do, keep in mind I am still playing with my Oddball that is in the scatch build forum, and the tractor twin canard....
Oh yea, then there is the stack of kits, stopped counting them....



_____________________________

The Wrights never crashed, they only had hard landings. I 've had some hard landings myself. AMA EAA AOPA revver #185

(in reply to da Rock)
       Post #: 53

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/2/2008 6:36:48 PM   
iron eagel



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From: Middleboro, MA, USA
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quote:

ORIGINAL: BMatthews

Spanwise flow isn't always a bad thing in small amounts. The Schumann (Schumman? -sp) planform used so often on todays sailplanes for both models and full sized is actually designed to encourage a measure of spanwise flow. Also is the amount of spanwise flow not related to the lift coefficient? I'm not too sure on that one..... If it is then the Cl for this thing at 180 mph is stupidly low so the spanwise flow should be quite small as well. But you raise a good point about this. If we have spanwise flow then that would indicate that the fins at the tips may well be better off as a single fin at the root. At first it would indicate that they could be angled inward so as to present themselves to the airflow at a 0 angle of attack However if the spanwise flow is Cl related then there's only going to be one specific speed range where the drag will be very low with that setup. Some data on the spanwise flow would be needed to determine this angle and any drag penalties at lower speeds to determine if this is an issue as it climbs up "onto the step" and sees less drag at the higher speeds and normal range of lift coefficients. Obviously the angles for the tip fins would be set to provide the least drag in the 170 to 200 mph range.

If this spanwise flow and drag on the fins ends up too high then we'd have to revert to a center fin on an extended stinger.

For a "yank and bank" model like a pylon racer yes it would be nice to have a higher aspect ratio. But for a flying style where speed is the issue and the only issue the transitions from the dive to the level trap run can be more mild a more normal aspect ratio should be be good enough to avoid adding a lot of induced drag and bleeding off speed. To this end my wing could be slightly increased in aspect ratio if needed but as it sit's now I think it would be OK. Keeping in mind that a 3 G turn of our wing at 6 lbs AUW will only require it to increase the angle of attack to a paltry 0.7 degrees and a Cl of .08 I don't think that for this style the induced drag reduction of a higher aspect ratio is worth the structural issues it would bring. Some figuring would be needed so that the pilot would know what the various radii of turns at 180 to 220 mph will be to avoid exceeding a 2 to 3 G pullout and thus avoid driving the induced drag up.

If the spanwise flow is an issue I can still see using a flying wing but altering it to more of a crescent shape and either staying with the tip fins and including some toe in to reduce drag or moving back to a center fin. New sketch to follow.


So far over my head that I can't even comment about it, still would like to see if it can be made to work.

_____________________________

The Wrights never crashed, they only had hard landings. I 've had some hard landings myself. AMA EAA AOPA revver #185

(in reply to BMatthews)
       Post #: 54

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/2/2008 7:40:44 PM   
HighPlains


 

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V^2/R = A

220 mph = 322.67 ft/sec

A = 3 g = 32.1 x 3 = 96.3

R @3g = 1081 feet

Not practical.

In pylon, we figure to operate in the 30 g range and up.

30 g radius @220 is 108 feet

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RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/2/2008 10:42:09 PM   
BMatthews



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Wow..... that's a big circle.

OK so the plane will need to be able to operate at a reasonable drag at a higher G load. There's still no need to see it run up at the 30 G mark. However it does point out that if the span wise flow on the swept wing is related to the Cl then a center mounted fin is going to be a better bet. And I'm going to fall back onto the idea of the reverse cresent wing to help hold the spanwise flow on and reduce the spillage and hopefully the strength of the tip vortices.

So here's the Swift modified for this. Wing area is around 465 sq inches.



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< Message edited by BMatthews -- 4/2/2008 10:48:12 PM >



_____________________________

Bruce-
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Free Flighters go that extra mile........

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       Post #: 56

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/3/2008 2:18:19 AM   
HighPlains


 

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Actually, about 5 minutes after I posted that radius for a 3 g pull-out, I realised that I forgot to include the normal force of gravity. So that 1081 foot radius would see an actual 4 g's at the bottom. I normally think of these high g turns in level flight at a lot higher levels. At 30 g's, you can pretty much forget normal gravity.

I sometimes read the NTSB accident reports, mostly to see how people managed to kill themselves in their homebuilt airplanes of the type I'm building. My favorite screwup was the guy that flew past a Cessna 172 at a much higher speed, waved, and then did a split S. From 700 feet AGL. Since the homebuilt in question cruises at close to 200 mph and is stressed for 9g's, simple math says somebody else signed off his next tax returns. It would have just been possible to complete the split S had he kept the g meter pegged at 9 g's if the stucture held together. However, that is where the structure yields and bends out of shape and the airframe is toast.

In the end, this guy went straight in.

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       Post #: 57

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/3/2008 2:24:06 AM   
BMatthews



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Your numbers also explain why my old control line models didn't have any trouble staying on the ends of the 52 foot lines at only 70 mph. Even over the top where there was still a pound to pound and a half of pull. It's also why the guys with 2 lb speed models have to lean back so far even at "only" 140 or so.

Numbers have a way of humbling us quickly don't they....


_____________________________

Bruce-
Proudly wasting balsa since 1965.

Free Flighters go that extra mile........

(in reply to HighPlains)
       Post #: 58

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/3/2008 2:31:30 AM   
HighPlains


 

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I used 60 foot lines, so the cloverleaf was pretty light.

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RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/3/2008 3:35:40 AM   
iron eagel



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From: Middleboro, MA, USA
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quote:

ORIGINAL: HighPlains

I sometimes read the NTSB accident reports, mostly to see how people managed to kill themselves in their homebuilt airplanes of the type I'm building. My favorite screwup was the guy that flew past a Cessna 172 at a much higher speed, waved, and then did a split S. From 700 feet AGL. Since the homebuilt in question cruises at close to 200 mph and is stressed for 9g's, simple math says somebody else signed off his next tax returns. It would have just been possible to complete the split S had he kept the g meter pegged at 9 g's if the stucture held together. However, that is where the structure yields and bends out of shape and the airframe is toast.

In the end, this guy went straight in.


Those specs sound a lot like a kit I have looked at for a home build...
Does it have split rudders?

_____________________________

The Wrights never crashed, they only had hard landings. I 've had some hard landings myself. AMA EAA AOPA revver #185

(in reply to HighPlains)
       Post #: 60

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/3/2008 4:10:11 AM   
iron eagel



Posts: 1137
Joined: 7/15/2004
From: Middleboro, MA, USA
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quote:

ORIGINAL: BMatthews

Wow..... that's a big circle.

OK so the plane will need to be able to operate at a reasonable drag at a higher G load. There's still no need to see it run up at the 30 G mark. However it does point out that if the span wise flow on the swept wing is related to the Cl then a center mounted fin is going to be a better bet. And I'm going to fall back onto the idea of the reverse cresent wing to help hold the spanwise flow on and reduce the spillage and hopefully the strength of the tip vortices.

So here's the Swift modified for this. Wing area is around 465 sq inches.




Actually over 40g's is a number I have heard about some model airplanes pulling...
Usually I like to look at 50's as being a good number to look at when building a performance type of model airplane.
3 G's are about what the trike type of ultralights max out at as far as FS. Someone trying to pull 9 g's in a GA plane has a death wish were most people have problems at 5 g's and above. I am way past the point of feeling comfortable at anything much over 2.5 myself, must be an age thing...
While it might be possible to keep the turns and pullouts at the lower end of the range, it is awful hard to figure how much stress your putting on the airframe when your not sitting in it.
Besides building a structure that can survive 50 g's is not all that hard until you start getting into airfoils of less than 15% or so then it gets to be more of a chore. And of course that is just what we are talking about here...
But some of the more exotic materials do lend themselves to that type of structure, at least under compression. The beauty of wings is that most of the structural failures are from the spars failing under compression so we can use carbon for these. I have a 6 ft 10% wing that has carbon fiber spars that I will have in the air by late spring, it has been sitting for a couple of years waiting for finish. I was going to glass it but really was looking to see how the carbon fiber veil thing worked on my present build before actually doing the finish on this one. Besides I wanted to get comfortable flying RC again before I flew this plane as it is rather short coupled and not good beginners airplane to start with.

Bruce this looks pretty darn nice!
I think the major trick would be to keep the weight down, and still have it be able to handle the pounding of a 4 hp 2 stroke thats spinning at around 18,000 rpm. Bruce I know that you were thinking of a weight of around 6 lbs but I think that 4.5 to 5 lbs would be a better target, or is that to light of a loading for a "speed plane"?


< Message edited by iron eagel -- 4/3/2008 4:12:31 AM >


_____________________________

The Wrights never crashed, they only had hard landings. I 've had some hard landings myself. AMA EAA AOPA revver #185

(in reply to BMatthews)
       Post #: 61

RE: Aerodynamic considerations for a speed plane design - 4/3/2008 4:28:38 AM   
BMatthews



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Oh definetly, lighter is always righter.

There's an odd thing about flying wings I've heard and read about. Don't worry too much over mass centralization since for wings having a highly centered mass can lead to pitch stability issues. Odd though it sounds....

So the engine can afford to have a fairly solid mounting system made from some fancy machined aluminium or whatever and the flight gear can be stuffed into the tail stinger as far back as it'll go to help compensate for the nose heaviness brought on by the big engine and need for a relatively heavy mount. And with that in mind a slightly longer tail stinger that moves the fin back a little would not hurt either. Although I'm trying to keep the wetted surface area down to a reasonable minimum.

Although 5 would be nice with that size engine and fuel tank that'll be needed plus the rather exotic construction methods needed I think you'll find that it comes out more like 6 lbs anyway. Heck, I'm not even sure a 90 DF engine will fit in the cowling yet.


_____________________________

Bruce-
Proudly wasting balsa since 1965.

Free Flighters go that extra mile........

(in reply to iron eagel)