Knowledge Quiz for Warbird wiz
Senior Member
What warbird do I describe?
1. Operated during WW2
2. Twin engine
3. A specific task was in mind when it was designed.
4. Operated by three air forces
1. Operated during WW2
2. Twin engine
3. A specific task was in mind when it was designed.
4. Operated by three air forces
Senior Member
Still no guesses? Here is another clue.
What warbird do I describe?
1. Operated during WW2
2. Twin engine
3. A specific task was in mind when it was designed.
4. Operated by three air forces
5. The pilot area was particularly well protected.
What warbird do I describe?
1. Operated during WW2
2. Twin engine
3. A specific task was in mind when it was designed.
4. Operated by three air forces
5. The pilot area was particularly well protected.
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
Guesses? You wanted guesses? Okay; how about the Hs 129? Thanks; Ernie P.
The Henschel Hs 129 was a World War II ground-attack aircraft fielded by the German Luftwaffe. In combat service the Hs 129 lacked a sufficient chance to prove itself; the aircraft was produced in relatively small numbers and deployed during a time when the Luftwaffe was unable to protect them from attack. Rudolf-Heinz Ruffer scored a large number of his 80 Soviet tank kills in the Hs 129.
Senior Member
Ernie P, you have it mate! I thought clue 5 would give it away.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henschel_Hs_129
That's going to be my next build actually.
Your turn Ernie.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henschel_Hs_129
That's going to be my next build actually.
Your turn Ernie.
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
Ernie P, you have it mate! I thought clue 5 would give it away.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henschel_Hs_129
That's going to be my next build actually.
Your turn Ernie.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henschel_Hs_129
That's going to be my next build actually.
Your turn Ernie.
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
Here we go. Thanks; Ernie P.
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
- This iconic aircraft is less known than its performance in combat might suggest.
The Wildcat was the same way, overshadowed by the Hellcat and Corsair. It's toughness led to it's favorable kill ratio over the Japanese A6M even though the A6M outclassed it in almost every way
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
No correct answers thus far; so next clue. Thanks; Ernie P.
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
- This iconic aircraft is less known than its performance in combat might suggest.
- For some reason, it is less well known than a blatant attempt to copy its design.
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
Sorry, but no; uncljoe. But here's a bonus clue to reward your participation. Thanks; Ernie P.
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
- This iconic aircraft is less known than its performance in combat might suggest.
- For some reason, it is less well known than a blatant attempt to copy its design.
- Although it was best known for its blazing rate of climb, it was, in fact, quite fast for its time.
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
I should have known better than to offer up a clue like that with you watching, Top_Gunn. The Sopwith Triplane or "Tripe" was a tremendous aircraft; only overshadowed by the Fokker Triplane, probably because of the Baron. Fast, agile and with the climbing ability of a squirrel, the Sopwith Triplane was one of the iconic aircraft of WWI. Darned hard to work on, though. Good job, Top_Gunn; and you are up, Sir. Thanks; Ernie P.
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
Answer: The Sopwith Triplane
The Sopwith Triplane was a British single seat fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War. Pilots nicknamed it the Tripehound or simply the Tripe. The Triplane became operational with the Royal Naval Air Service in early 1917 and was immediately successful. The Triplane was nevertheless built in comparatively small numbers and was withdrawn from active service as Sopwith Camels arrived in the latter half of 1917. Surviving aircraft continued to serve as operational trainers until the end of the war.
The Triplane began as a private venture by the Sopwith Aviation Company. The fuselage and empennage closely mirrored those of the earlier Pup, but chief engineer Herbert Smith gave the new aircraft three narrow-chord wings to provide the pilot with an improved field of view. Ailerons were fitted to all three wings. By using the variable incidence tailplane, the aircraft could be trimmed to fly hands-off.[SUP][3][/SUP] The introduction of a smaller 8 ft span tailplane in February 1917 improved elevator response.[SUP][4][/SUP]
The Triplane was initially powered by the 110 hp Clerget 9Z nine-cylinder rotary engine, but most production examples were fitted with the 130 hp Clerget 9B rotary. At least one Triplane was tested with a 110 hp Le Rhτne rotary engine, but this did not provide a significant improvement in performance.
The prototype Triplane, serial N500, first flew on 28 May 1916, with Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker at the controls. Within three minutes of takeoff, Hawker startled onlookers by looping the aircraft three times in succession. The Triplane was very agile, with effective, well-harmonised controls. When maneuvering, however, the Triplane presented an unusual appearance. One observer noted that the aircraft looked like "a drunken flight of steps" when rolling.
In July 1916, N500 was sent to Dunkirk for evaluation with "A" Naval Squadron, 1 Naval Wing. It proved highly successful. The second prototype, serial N504, was fitted with a 130 hp Clerget 9B. N504 first flew in August 1916 and was eventually sent to France in December. This aircraft served as a conversion trainer for several squadrons.
Between July 1916 and January 1917, the Admiralty issued two contracts to Sopwith for a total of 95 Triplanes, two contracts to Clayton & Shuttleworth Ltd. for a total of 46 aircraft, and one contract to Oakley & Co. Ltd. for 25 aircraft. Seeking modern aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps, the War Office also issued a contract to Clayton & Shuttleworth for 106 Triplanes. In February 1917, the War Office agreed to exchange its Triplane orders for the Admiralty's SPAD S.VII contracts.
Production commenced in late 1916. Sopwith and Clayton & Shuttleworth completed their RNAS production orders, but Oakley, which had no prior experience building aircraft, delivered only three Triplanes before its contract was cancelled in October 1917. For unknown reasons, the RFC Triplane contract issued to Clayton & Shuttleworth was simply cancelled rather than being transferred to the RNAS. Total production amounted to 147 aircraft.
No. 1 Naval Squadron became fully operational with the Triplane by December 1916, but the squadron did not see any significant action until February 1917, when it relocated from Furnes to Chipilly. No. 8 Naval Squadron received its Triplanes in February 1917. Nos. 9 and 10 Naval Squadrons equipped with the type between April and May 1917. The only other major operator of the Triplane was a French naval squadron based at Dunkirk, which received 17 aircraft.
The Triplane's combat debut was highly successful. The new fighter's exceptional rate of climb and high service ceiling gave it a marked advantage over the Albatros D.III, though the Triplane was slower in a dive. The Germans were so impressed by the performance of the Triplane that it spawned a brief triplane craze among German aircraft manufacturers. Their efforts resulted in no fewer than 34 different prototypes, including the Fokker V.4, prototype of the successful Fokker Dr.I.
The Triplane was famously flown by No. 10 Naval Squadron's "B" Flight, better known as "Black Flight." This all-Canadian flight was commanded by the ace Raymond Collishaw. Their aircraft, named Black Maria, Black Prince, Black George, Black Death and Black Sheep, were distinguishable by their black-painted fins and cowlings.[SUP][7][/SUP] Black Flight claimed 87 German aircraft in three months while equipped with the Triplane. Collishaw himself scored 34 of his eventual 60 victories in the aircraft, making him the top Triplane ace
For a variety of reasons, the Triplane's combat career was comparatively brief. In service, the Triplane proved difficult to repair. The fuel and oil tanks were inaccessible without substantial disassembly of the wings and fuselage. Even relatively minor repairs had to be made at rear echelon repair depots. Moreover, spare parts became difficult to obtain during the summer of 1917, and No. 1 Naval Squadron's complement was reduced from 18 to 15 aircraft.[SUP][21][/SUP]
The Triplane also gained a reputation for structural weakness because the wings sometimes collapsed in steep dives. This defect was attributed to the use of light gauge bracing wires in the 46 aircraft built by subcontractor Clayton & Shuttleworth.[SUP][22][/SUP] Several pilots of No. 10 Naval Squadron used cables or additional wires to strengthen their Triplanes.[SUP][22][/SUP] In 1918, the RAF issued a technical order for the installation of a spanwise compression strut between the inboard cabane struts of surviving Triplanes. One aircraft, serial N5912, was fitted with additional mid-bay flying wires on the upper wing while used as a trainer.
Another drawback of the Triplane was its light armament.[SUP][23][/SUP] While contemporary Albatros fighters were armed with two guns, most Triplanes were armed with a single synchronised Vickers machine gun. Efforts to fit twin guns to the Triplane met with mixed results. Clayton & Shuttleworth built six experimental Triplanes with twin guns.[SUP][11][/SUP] Some of these aircraft saw combat service with Nos. 1 and 10 Naval Squadrons in July 1917, but performance was reduced and the single gun remained standard.[SUP][24][/SUP] Triplanes built by Oakley would have featured twin guns, an engineering change which severely delayed production.[SUP][13][/SUP]
In June 1917, No. 4 Naval Squadron received the first Sopwith Camels and the advantages of the sturdier, better-armed fighter quickly became evident. Nos. 8 and 9 Naval Squadrons transitioned to the Camel between early July and early August 1917.[SUP][25][/SUP] No. 10 Naval Squadron converted in late August, turning over its remaining Triplanes to No. 1 Naval Squadron.[SUP][22][/SUP] No. 1 operated Triplanes until December, suffering heavy casualties as a consequence.[SUP][26][/SUP] By the end of 1917, surviving Triplanes were used as advanced trainers with No. 12 Naval Squadron.[SUP][[/SUP]
Only two authentic Sopwith Triplanes remain in existence. N5912 was one of three aircraft built by Oakley & Co. Ltd. and delivered in late 1917. The aircraft saw no combat service and instead served with No.2 School of Aerial Fighting and Gunnery at Marske. After the war, the Imperial War Museum displayed the aircraft in a temporary exhibition until 1924. In 1936, the Royal Air Force acquired and restored the aircraft, flying it in several RAF Pageants at Hendon. Today, N5912 is preserved at the RAF Museum London.[SUP][28][/SUP]
N5486 was supplied to the Russian Government for evaluation in May 1917. In Russia, the aircraft was fitted with skis and used operationally until captured by the Bolshevists. The aircraft then served in the Red Air Force, probably as a trainer, and was rebuilt many times. Today, N5486 is preserved at the Central Air Force Museum, Monino, Russia.[SUP][29][/SUP]
The popularity of the Triplane has resulted in numerous modern reproductions, built by both museums and individual enthusiasts. Northern Aeroplane Workshops built a notable reproduction for the Shuttleworth Collection. The aircraft is marked as Dixie II, representing the original Dixie, serial N6290, of No. 8 Naval Squadron. In recognition of the reproduction's remarkable authenticity, Sir Thomas Sopwith decreed it to be a “late production” Triplane.[SUP][[/SUP]
[h=2]Operators[/h]
Soviet Triplane equipped with skis
France
General characteristics
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
- This iconic aircraft is less known than its performance in combat might suggest.
- For some reason, it is less well known than a blatant attempt to copy its design.
- Although it was best known for its blazing rate of climb, it was, in fact, quite fast for its time.
- In combat, it was very successful; being immediately recognized as a superior aircraft.
- It was flown by the air forces of five countries.
- It was initially a private venture by a well-known and successful constructor.
- It had a rather short service life; less than a year by the country of origin.
- The design was partially based on an earlier aircraft by the same company; with some obvious modifications.
- It was designed to improve the field of view of the pilot.
- It had a variable tailplane; and could easily be trimmed to fly “hands off”.
- On its maiden flight, after less than five minutes, the pilot startled observers by performing a series of aerobatic maneuver. The test pilot was obviously very comfortable in the new aircraft.
- Production numbers were rather low.
- The number of enemy aircraft shot down was very impressive for the number deployed.
- Noted for being very agile and easily maneuvered.
- It combat prowess immediately impressed the enemy hierarchy; resulting in almost immediate attempts to copy it.
- More than 30 different “copies” were tested.
- The ultimate copy was produced and was itself very successful; becoming even more successful and better known than the original.
- Unfortunately, this aircraft was somewhat difficult to repair under field conditions. Even repairs considered minor for most aircraft required substantial disassembly of major airframe components. That, with attendant shortages of parts, eventually made its service life a short one.
- It had a reputation for being structurally weak, particularly in dives; although that was eventually traced to those aircraft produced by a single supplier.
- The armament was also considered a bit below par for the time.
- Still, it rapidly gained a reputation as a great aircraft; mainly due to the exploits of a single flight of one squadron, which won undying fame for their exploits.
Answer: The Sopwith Triplane
The Sopwith Triplane was a British single seat fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War. Pilots nicknamed it the Tripehound or simply the Tripe. The Triplane became operational with the Royal Naval Air Service in early 1917 and was immediately successful. The Triplane was nevertheless built in comparatively small numbers and was withdrawn from active service as Sopwith Camels arrived in the latter half of 1917. Surviving aircraft continued to serve as operational trainers until the end of the war.
The Triplane began as a private venture by the Sopwith Aviation Company. The fuselage and empennage closely mirrored those of the earlier Pup, but chief engineer Herbert Smith gave the new aircraft three narrow-chord wings to provide the pilot with an improved field of view. Ailerons were fitted to all three wings. By using the variable incidence tailplane, the aircraft could be trimmed to fly hands-off.[SUP][3][/SUP] The introduction of a smaller 8 ft span tailplane in February 1917 improved elevator response.[SUP][4][/SUP]
The Triplane was initially powered by the 110 hp Clerget 9Z nine-cylinder rotary engine, but most production examples were fitted with the 130 hp Clerget 9B rotary. At least one Triplane was tested with a 110 hp Le Rhτne rotary engine, but this did not provide a significant improvement in performance.
The prototype Triplane, serial N500, first flew on 28 May 1916, with Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker at the controls. Within three minutes of takeoff, Hawker startled onlookers by looping the aircraft three times in succession. The Triplane was very agile, with effective, well-harmonised controls. When maneuvering, however, the Triplane presented an unusual appearance. One observer noted that the aircraft looked like "a drunken flight of steps" when rolling.
In July 1916, N500 was sent to Dunkirk for evaluation with "A" Naval Squadron, 1 Naval Wing. It proved highly successful. The second prototype, serial N504, was fitted with a 130 hp Clerget 9B. N504 first flew in August 1916 and was eventually sent to France in December. This aircraft served as a conversion trainer for several squadrons.
Between July 1916 and January 1917, the Admiralty issued two contracts to Sopwith for a total of 95 Triplanes, two contracts to Clayton & Shuttleworth Ltd. for a total of 46 aircraft, and one contract to Oakley & Co. Ltd. for 25 aircraft. Seeking modern aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps, the War Office also issued a contract to Clayton & Shuttleworth for 106 Triplanes. In February 1917, the War Office agreed to exchange its Triplane orders for the Admiralty's SPAD S.VII contracts.
Production commenced in late 1916. Sopwith and Clayton & Shuttleworth completed their RNAS production orders, but Oakley, which had no prior experience building aircraft, delivered only three Triplanes before its contract was cancelled in October 1917. For unknown reasons, the RFC Triplane contract issued to Clayton & Shuttleworth was simply cancelled rather than being transferred to the RNAS. Total production amounted to 147 aircraft.
No. 1 Naval Squadron became fully operational with the Triplane by December 1916, but the squadron did not see any significant action until February 1917, when it relocated from Furnes to Chipilly. No. 8 Naval Squadron received its Triplanes in February 1917. Nos. 9 and 10 Naval Squadrons equipped with the type between April and May 1917. The only other major operator of the Triplane was a French naval squadron based at Dunkirk, which received 17 aircraft.
The Triplane's combat debut was highly successful. The new fighter's exceptional rate of climb and high service ceiling gave it a marked advantage over the Albatros D.III, though the Triplane was slower in a dive. The Germans were so impressed by the performance of the Triplane that it spawned a brief triplane craze among German aircraft manufacturers. Their efforts resulted in no fewer than 34 different prototypes, including the Fokker V.4, prototype of the successful Fokker Dr.I.
The Triplane was famously flown by No. 10 Naval Squadron's "B" Flight, better known as "Black Flight." This all-Canadian flight was commanded by the ace Raymond Collishaw. Their aircraft, named Black Maria, Black Prince, Black George, Black Death and Black Sheep, were distinguishable by their black-painted fins and cowlings.[SUP][7][/SUP] Black Flight claimed 87 German aircraft in three months while equipped with the Triplane. Collishaw himself scored 34 of his eventual 60 victories in the aircraft, making him the top Triplane ace
For a variety of reasons, the Triplane's combat career was comparatively brief. In service, the Triplane proved difficult to repair. The fuel and oil tanks were inaccessible without substantial disassembly of the wings and fuselage. Even relatively minor repairs had to be made at rear echelon repair depots. Moreover, spare parts became difficult to obtain during the summer of 1917, and No. 1 Naval Squadron's complement was reduced from 18 to 15 aircraft.[SUP][21][/SUP]
The Triplane also gained a reputation for structural weakness because the wings sometimes collapsed in steep dives. This defect was attributed to the use of light gauge bracing wires in the 46 aircraft built by subcontractor Clayton & Shuttleworth.[SUP][22][/SUP] Several pilots of No. 10 Naval Squadron used cables or additional wires to strengthen their Triplanes.[SUP][22][/SUP] In 1918, the RAF issued a technical order for the installation of a spanwise compression strut between the inboard cabane struts of surviving Triplanes. One aircraft, serial N5912, was fitted with additional mid-bay flying wires on the upper wing while used as a trainer.
Another drawback of the Triplane was its light armament.[SUP][23][/SUP] While contemporary Albatros fighters were armed with two guns, most Triplanes were armed with a single synchronised Vickers machine gun. Efforts to fit twin guns to the Triplane met with mixed results. Clayton & Shuttleworth built six experimental Triplanes with twin guns.[SUP][11][/SUP] Some of these aircraft saw combat service with Nos. 1 and 10 Naval Squadrons in July 1917, but performance was reduced and the single gun remained standard.[SUP][24][/SUP] Triplanes built by Oakley would have featured twin guns, an engineering change which severely delayed production.[SUP][13][/SUP]
In June 1917, No. 4 Naval Squadron received the first Sopwith Camels and the advantages of the sturdier, better-armed fighter quickly became evident. Nos. 8 and 9 Naval Squadrons transitioned to the Camel between early July and early August 1917.[SUP][25][/SUP] No. 10 Naval Squadron converted in late August, turning over its remaining Triplanes to No. 1 Naval Squadron.[SUP][22][/SUP] No. 1 operated Triplanes until December, suffering heavy casualties as a consequence.[SUP][26][/SUP] By the end of 1917, surviving Triplanes were used as advanced trainers with No. 12 Naval Squadron.[SUP][[/SUP]
Only two authentic Sopwith Triplanes remain in existence. N5912 was one of three aircraft built by Oakley & Co. Ltd. and delivered in late 1917. The aircraft saw no combat service and instead served with No.2 School of Aerial Fighting and Gunnery at Marske. After the war, the Imperial War Museum displayed the aircraft in a temporary exhibition until 1924. In 1936, the Royal Air Force acquired and restored the aircraft, flying it in several RAF Pageants at Hendon. Today, N5912 is preserved at the RAF Museum London.[SUP][28][/SUP]
N5486 was supplied to the Russian Government for evaluation in May 1917. In Russia, the aircraft was fitted with skis and used operationally until captured by the Bolshevists. The aircraft then served in the Red Air Force, probably as a trainer, and was rebuilt many times. Today, N5486 is preserved at the Central Air Force Museum, Monino, Russia.[SUP][29][/SUP]
The popularity of the Triplane has resulted in numerous modern reproductions, built by both museums and individual enthusiasts. Northern Aeroplane Workshops built a notable reproduction for the Shuttleworth Collection. The aircraft is marked as Dixie II, representing the original Dixie, serial N6290, of No. 8 Naval Squadron. In recognition of the reproduction's remarkable authenticity, Sir Thomas Sopwith decreed it to be a “late production” Triplane.[SUP][[/SUP]
[h=2]Operators[/h]
Soviet Triplane equipped with skis
France
- Aιronautique navale (17 aircraft)
- Hellenic Navy (1 aircraft)
- Imperial Russian Air Force (1 aircraft)
- Soviet Air Force (1 aircraft taken over from the Imperial Russian Air Force)
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 18 ft 10 in (5.73 m)
- Wingspan: 26 ft 6 in (8 m)
- Height: 10 ft 6 in (3.2 m)
- Wing area: 231 ft² (21.46 m²)
- Empty weight: 1,101 lb (500 kg)
- Loaded weight: 1,541 lb (700 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 Χ Clerget 9B rotary engine, 130 hp (97 kW)
- Maximum speed: 117 mph (187 km/h) at 5,000 ft (1,830 m)
- Endurance: 2 hrs 45 min
- Service ceiling: 20,500 ft (6,250 m)
- Wing loading: 6.13 lb/ft² (29.92 kg/m²)
- Time to 6,000 ft (1,830 m): 5 min 50 s
- Time to 16,400 ft (5,000 m): 26 min 30 s
- Guns: 1Χ .303 in Vickers machine gun
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
I should have known better than to offer up a clue like that with you watching, Top_Gunn. The Sopwith Triplane or "Tripe" was a tremendous aircraft; only overshadowed by the Fokker Triplane, probably because of the Baron. Fast, agile and with the climbing ability of a squirrel, the Sopwith Triplane was one of the iconic aircraft of WWI. Darned hard to work on, though. Good job, Top_Gunn; and you are up, Sir. Thanks; Ernie P.
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
Answer: The Sopwith Triplane
The Sopwith Triplane was a British single seat fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War. Pilots nicknamed it the Tripehound or simply the Tripe. The Triplane became operational with the Royal Naval Air Service in early 1917 and was immediately successful. The Triplane was nevertheless built in comparatively small numbers and was withdrawn from active service as Sopwith Camels arrived in the latter half of 1917. Surviving aircraft continued to serve as operational trainers until the end of the war.
The Triplane began as a private venture by the Sopwith Aviation Company. The fuselage and empennage closely mirrored those of the earlier Pup, but chief engineer Herbert Smith gave the new aircraft three narrow-chord wings to provide the pilot with an improved field of view. Ailerons were fitted to all three wings. By using the variable incidence tailplane, the aircraft could be trimmed to fly hands-off.[SUP][3][/SUP] The introduction of a smaller 8 ft span tailplane in February 1917 improved elevator response.[SUP][4][/SUP]
The Triplane was initially powered by the 110 hp Clerget 9Z nine-cylinder rotary engine, but most production examples were fitted with the 130 hp Clerget 9B rotary. At least one Triplane was tested with a 110 hp Le Rhτne rotary engine, but this did not provide a significant improvement in performance.
The prototype Triplane, serial N500, first flew on 28 May 1916, with Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker at the controls. Within three minutes of takeoff, Hawker startled onlookers by looping the aircraft three times in succession. The Triplane was very agile, with effective, well-harmonised controls. When maneuvering, however, the Triplane presented an unusual appearance. One observer noted that the aircraft looked like "a drunken flight of steps" when rolling.
In July 1916, N500 was sent to Dunkirk for evaluation with "A" Naval Squadron, 1 Naval Wing. It proved highly successful. The second prototype, serial N504, was fitted with a 130 hp Clerget 9B. N504 first flew in August 1916 and was eventually sent to France in December. This aircraft served as a conversion trainer for several squadrons.
Between July 1916 and January 1917, the Admiralty issued two contracts to Sopwith for a total of 95 Triplanes, two contracts to Clayton & Shuttleworth Ltd. for a total of 46 aircraft, and one contract to Oakley & Co. Ltd. for 25 aircraft. Seeking modern aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps, the War Office also issued a contract to Clayton & Shuttleworth for 106 Triplanes. In February 1917, the War Office agreed to exchange its Triplane orders for the Admiralty's SPAD S.VII contracts.
Production commenced in late 1916. Sopwith and Clayton & Shuttleworth completed their RNAS production orders, but Oakley, which had no prior experience building aircraft, delivered only three Triplanes before its contract was cancelled in October 1917. For unknown reasons, the RFC Triplane contract issued to Clayton & Shuttleworth was simply cancelled rather than being transferred to the RNAS. Total production amounted to 147 aircraft.
No. 1 Naval Squadron became fully operational with the Triplane by December 1916, but the squadron did not see any significant action until February 1917, when it relocated from Furnes to Chipilly. No. 8 Naval Squadron received its Triplanes in February 1917. Nos. 9 and 10 Naval Squadrons equipped with the type between April and May 1917. The only other major operator of the Triplane was a French naval squadron based at Dunkirk, which received 17 aircraft.
The Triplane's combat debut was highly successful. The new fighter's exceptional rate of climb and high service ceiling gave it a marked advantage over the Albatros D.III, though the Triplane was slower in a dive. The Germans were so impressed by the performance of the Triplane that it spawned a brief triplane craze among German aircraft manufacturers. Their efforts resulted in no fewer than 34 different prototypes, including the Fokker V.4, prototype of the successful Fokker Dr.I.
The Triplane was famously flown by No. 10 Naval Squadron's "B" Flight, better known as "Black Flight." This all-Canadian flight was commanded by the ace Raymond Collishaw. Their aircraft, named Black Maria, Black Prince, Black George, Black Death and Black Sheep, were distinguishable by their black-painted fins and cowlings.[SUP][7][/SUP] Black Flight claimed 87 German aircraft in three months while equipped with the Triplane. Collishaw himself scored 34 of his eventual 60 victories in the aircraft, making him the top Triplane ace
For a variety of reasons, the Triplane's combat career was comparatively brief. In service, the Triplane proved difficult to repair. The fuel and oil tanks were inaccessible without substantial disassembly of the wings and fuselage. Even relatively minor repairs had to be made at rear echelon repair depots. Moreover, spare parts became difficult to obtain during the summer of 1917, and No. 1 Naval Squadron's complement was reduced from 18 to 15 aircraft.[SUP][21][/SUP]
The Triplane also gained a reputation for structural weakness because the wings sometimes collapsed in steep dives. This defect was attributed to the use of light gauge bracing wires in the 46 aircraft built by subcontractor Clayton & Shuttleworth.[SUP][22][/SUP] Several pilots of No. 10 Naval Squadron used cables or additional wires to strengthen their Triplanes.[SUP][22][/SUP] In 1918, the RAF issued a technical order for the installation of a spanwise compression strut between the inboard cabane struts of surviving Triplanes. One aircraft, serial N5912, was fitted with additional mid-bay flying wires on the upper wing while used as a trainer.
Another drawback of the Triplane was its light armament.[SUP][23][/SUP] While contemporary Albatros fighters were armed with two guns, most Triplanes were armed with a single synchronised Vickers machine gun. Efforts to fit twin guns to the Triplane met with mixed results. Clayton & Shuttleworth built six experimental Triplanes with twin guns.[SUP][11][/SUP] Some of these aircraft saw combat service with Nos. 1 and 10 Naval Squadrons in July 1917, but performance was reduced and the single gun remained standard.[SUP][24][/SUP] Triplanes built by Oakley would have featured twin guns, an engineering change which severely delayed production.[SUP][13][/SUP]
In June 1917, No. 4 Naval Squadron received the first Sopwith Camels and the advantages of the sturdier, better-armed fighter quickly became evident. Nos. 8 and 9 Naval Squadrons transitioned to the Camel between early July and early August 1917.[SUP][25][/SUP] No. 10 Naval Squadron converted in late August, turning over its remaining Triplanes to No. 1 Naval Squadron.[SUP][22][/SUP] No. 1 operated Triplanes until December, suffering heavy casualties as a consequence.[SUP][26][/SUP] By the end of 1917, surviving Triplanes were used as advanced trainers with No. 12 Naval Squadron.[SUP][[/SUP]
Only two authentic Sopwith Triplanes remain in existence. N5912 was one of three aircraft built by Oakley & Co. Ltd. and delivered in late 1917. The aircraft saw no combat service and instead served with No.2 School of Aerial Fighting and Gunnery at Marske. After the war, the Imperial War Museum displayed the aircraft in a temporary exhibition until 1924. In 1936, the Royal Air Force acquired and restored the aircraft, flying it in several RAF Pageants at Hendon. Today, N5912 is preserved at the RAF Museum London.[SUP][28][/SUP]
N5486 was supplied to the Russian Government for evaluation in May 1917. In Russia, the aircraft was fitted with skis and used operationally until captured by the Bolshevists. The aircraft then served in the Red Air Force, probably as a trainer, and was rebuilt many times. Today, N5486 is preserved at the Central Air Force Museum, Monino, Russia.[SUP][29][/SUP]
The popularity of the Triplane has resulted in numerous modern reproductions, built by both museums and individual enthusiasts. Northern Aeroplane Workshops built a notable reproduction for the Shuttleworth Collection. The aircraft is marked as Dixie II, representing the original Dixie, serial N6290, of No. 8 Naval Squadron. In recognition of the reproduction's remarkable authenticity, Sir Thomas Sopwith decreed it to be a late production Triplane.[SUP][[/SUP]
[h=2]Operators[/h]
Soviet Triplane equipped with skis
France
General characteristics
Question: What warbird do I describe?
Clues:
- This iconic aircraft is less known than its performance in combat might suggest.
- For some reason, it is less well known than a blatant attempt to copy its design.
- Although it was best known for its blazing rate of climb, it was, in fact, quite fast for its time.
- In combat, it was very successful; being immediately recognized as a superior aircraft.
- It was flown by the air forces of five countries.
- It was initially a private venture by a well-known and successful constructor.
- It had a rather short service life; less than a year by the country of origin.
- The design was partially based on an earlier aircraft by the same company; with some obvious modifications.
- It was designed to improve the field of view of the pilot.
- It had a variable tailplane; and could easily be trimmed to fly hands off.
- On its maiden flight, after less than five minutes, the pilot startled observers by performing a series of aerobatic maneuver. The test pilot was obviously very comfortable in the new aircraft.
- Production numbers were rather low.
- The number of enemy aircraft shot down was very impressive for the number deployed.
- Noted for being very agile and easily maneuvered.
- It combat prowess immediately impressed the enemy hierarchy; resulting in almost immediate attempts to copy it.
- More than 30 different copies were tested.
- The ultimate copy was produced and was itself very successful; becoming even more successful and better known than the original.
- Unfortunately, this aircraft was somewhat difficult to repair under field conditions. Even repairs considered minor for most aircraft required substantial disassembly of major airframe components. That, with attendant shortages of parts, eventually made its service life a short one.
- It had a reputation for being structurally weak, particularly in dives; although that was eventually traced to those aircraft produced by a single supplier.
- The armament was also considered a bit below par for the time.
- Still, it rapidly gained a reputation as a great aircraft; mainly due to the exploits of a single flight of one squadron, which won undying fame for their exploits.
Answer: The Sopwith Triplane
The Sopwith Triplane was a British single seat fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War. Pilots nicknamed it the Tripehound or simply the Tripe. The Triplane became operational with the Royal Naval Air Service in early 1917 and was immediately successful. The Triplane was nevertheless built in comparatively small numbers and was withdrawn from active service as Sopwith Camels arrived in the latter half of 1917. Surviving aircraft continued to serve as operational trainers until the end of the war.
The Triplane began as a private venture by the Sopwith Aviation Company. The fuselage and empennage closely mirrored those of the earlier Pup, but chief engineer Herbert Smith gave the new aircraft three narrow-chord wings to provide the pilot with an improved field of view. Ailerons were fitted to all three wings. By using the variable incidence tailplane, the aircraft could be trimmed to fly hands-off.[SUP][3][/SUP] The introduction of a smaller 8 ft span tailplane in February 1917 improved elevator response.[SUP][4][/SUP]
The Triplane was initially powered by the 110 hp Clerget 9Z nine-cylinder rotary engine, but most production examples were fitted with the 130 hp Clerget 9B rotary. At least one Triplane was tested with a 110 hp Le Rhτne rotary engine, but this did not provide a significant improvement in performance.
The prototype Triplane, serial N500, first flew on 28 May 1916, with Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker at the controls. Within three minutes of takeoff, Hawker startled onlookers by looping the aircraft three times in succession. The Triplane was very agile, with effective, well-harmonised controls. When maneuvering, however, the Triplane presented an unusual appearance. One observer noted that the aircraft looked like "a drunken flight of steps" when rolling.
In July 1916, N500 was sent to Dunkirk for evaluation with "A" Naval Squadron, 1 Naval Wing. It proved highly successful. The second prototype, serial N504, was fitted with a 130 hp Clerget 9B. N504 first flew in August 1916 and was eventually sent to France in December. This aircraft served as a conversion trainer for several squadrons.
Between July 1916 and January 1917, the Admiralty issued two contracts to Sopwith for a total of 95 Triplanes, two contracts to Clayton & Shuttleworth Ltd. for a total of 46 aircraft, and one contract to Oakley & Co. Ltd. for 25 aircraft. Seeking modern aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps, the War Office also issued a contract to Clayton & Shuttleworth for 106 Triplanes. In February 1917, the War Office agreed to exchange its Triplane orders for the Admiralty's SPAD S.VII contracts.
Production commenced in late 1916. Sopwith and Clayton & Shuttleworth completed their RNAS production orders, but Oakley, which had no prior experience building aircraft, delivered only three Triplanes before its contract was cancelled in October 1917. For unknown reasons, the RFC Triplane contract issued to Clayton & Shuttleworth was simply cancelled rather than being transferred to the RNAS. Total production amounted to 147 aircraft.
No. 1 Naval Squadron became fully operational with the Triplane by December 1916, but the squadron did not see any significant action until February 1917, when it relocated from Furnes to Chipilly. No. 8 Naval Squadron received its Triplanes in February 1917. Nos. 9 and 10 Naval Squadrons equipped with the type between April and May 1917. The only other major operator of the Triplane was a French naval squadron based at Dunkirk, which received 17 aircraft.
The Triplane's combat debut was highly successful. The new fighter's exceptional rate of climb and high service ceiling gave it a marked advantage over the Albatros D.III, though the Triplane was slower in a dive. The Germans were so impressed by the performance of the Triplane that it spawned a brief triplane craze among German aircraft manufacturers. Their efforts resulted in no fewer than 34 different prototypes, including the Fokker V.4, prototype of the successful Fokker Dr.I.
The Triplane was famously flown by No. 10 Naval Squadron's "B" Flight, better known as "Black Flight." This all-Canadian flight was commanded by the ace Raymond Collishaw. Their aircraft, named Black Maria, Black Prince, Black George, Black Death and Black Sheep, were distinguishable by their black-painted fins and cowlings.[SUP][7][/SUP] Black Flight claimed 87 German aircraft in three months while equipped with the Triplane. Collishaw himself scored 34 of his eventual 60 victories in the aircraft, making him the top Triplane ace
For a variety of reasons, the Triplane's combat career was comparatively brief. In service, the Triplane proved difficult to repair. The fuel and oil tanks were inaccessible without substantial disassembly of the wings and fuselage. Even relatively minor repairs had to be made at rear echelon repair depots. Moreover, spare parts became difficult to obtain during the summer of 1917, and No. 1 Naval Squadron's complement was reduced from 18 to 15 aircraft.[SUP][21][/SUP]
The Triplane also gained a reputation for structural weakness because the wings sometimes collapsed in steep dives. This defect was attributed to the use of light gauge bracing wires in the 46 aircraft built by subcontractor Clayton & Shuttleworth.[SUP][22][/SUP] Several pilots of No. 10 Naval Squadron used cables or additional wires to strengthen their Triplanes.[SUP][22][/SUP] In 1918, the RAF issued a technical order for the installation of a spanwise compression strut between the inboard cabane struts of surviving Triplanes. One aircraft, serial N5912, was fitted with additional mid-bay flying wires on the upper wing while used as a trainer.
Another drawback of the Triplane was its light armament.[SUP][23][/SUP] While contemporary Albatros fighters were armed with two guns, most Triplanes were armed with a single synchronised Vickers machine gun. Efforts to fit twin guns to the Triplane met with mixed results. Clayton & Shuttleworth built six experimental Triplanes with twin guns.[SUP][11][/SUP] Some of these aircraft saw combat service with Nos. 1 and 10 Naval Squadrons in July 1917, but performance was reduced and the single gun remained standard.[SUP][24][/SUP] Triplanes built by Oakley would have featured twin guns, an engineering change which severely delayed production.[SUP][13][/SUP]
In June 1917, No. 4 Naval Squadron received the first Sopwith Camels and the advantages of the sturdier, better-armed fighter quickly became evident. Nos. 8 and 9 Naval Squadrons transitioned to the Camel between early July and early August 1917.[SUP][25][/SUP] No. 10 Naval Squadron converted in late August, turning over its remaining Triplanes to No. 1 Naval Squadron.[SUP][22][/SUP] No. 1 operated Triplanes until December, suffering heavy casualties as a consequence.[SUP][26][/SUP] By the end of 1917, surviving Triplanes were used as advanced trainers with No. 12 Naval Squadron.[SUP][[/SUP]
Only two authentic Sopwith Triplanes remain in existence. N5912 was one of three aircraft built by Oakley & Co. Ltd. and delivered in late 1917. The aircraft saw no combat service and instead served with No.2 School of Aerial Fighting and Gunnery at Marske. After the war, the Imperial War Museum displayed the aircraft in a temporary exhibition until 1924. In 1936, the Royal Air Force acquired and restored the aircraft, flying it in several RAF Pageants at Hendon. Today, N5912 is preserved at the RAF Museum London.[SUP][28][/SUP]
N5486 was supplied to the Russian Government for evaluation in May 1917. In Russia, the aircraft was fitted with skis and used operationally until captured by the Bolshevists. The aircraft then served in the Red Air Force, probably as a trainer, and was rebuilt many times. Today, N5486 is preserved at the Central Air Force Museum, Monino, Russia.[SUP][29][/SUP]
The popularity of the Triplane has resulted in numerous modern reproductions, built by both museums and individual enthusiasts. Northern Aeroplane Workshops built a notable reproduction for the Shuttleworth Collection. The aircraft is marked as Dixie II, representing the original Dixie, serial N6290, of No. 8 Naval Squadron. In recognition of the reproduction's remarkable authenticity, Sir Thomas Sopwith decreed it to be a late production Triplane.[SUP][[/SUP]
[h=2]Operators[/h]
Soviet Triplane equipped with skis
France
- Aιronautique navale (17 aircraft)
- Hellenic Navy (1 aircraft)
- Imperial Russian Air Force (1 aircraft)
- Soviet Air Force (1 aircraft taken over from the Imperial Russian Air Force)
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 18 ft 10 in (5.73 m)
- Wingspan: 26 ft 6 in (8 m)
- Height: 10 ft 6 in (3.2 m)
- Wing area: 231 ft² (21.46 m²)
- Empty weight: 1,101 lb (500 kg)
- Loaded weight: 1,541 lb (700 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 Χ Clerget 9B rotary engine, 130 hp (97 kW)
- Maximum speed: 117 mph (187 km/h) at 5,000 ft (1,830 m)
- Endurance: 2 hrs 45 min
- Service ceiling: 20,500 ft (6,250 m)
- Wing loading: 6.13 lb/ft² (29.92 kg/m²)
- Time to 6,000 ft (1,830 m): 5 min 50 s
- Time to 16,400 ft (5,000 m): 26 min 30 s
- Guns: 1Χ .303 in Vickers machine gun
My Feedback: (6)
If only they had thought to paint them red, they might have gotten more attention.
I don't have a question ready, so if someone would like to jump in, feel free. If no one does, I'll try to think of something.
I don't have a question ready, so if someone would like to jump in, feel free. If no one does, I'll try to think of something.
Senior Member
My Feedback: (3)
Well, they painted them black; and that got quite a bit of attention at the time. Okay; the floor is open to anyone who wants to ask a question. First to post has it. Thanks; Ernie P.
The Triplane's combat debut was highly successful. The new fighter's exceptional rate of climb and high service ceiling gave it a marked advantage over the Albatros D.III, though the Triplane was slower in a dive. The Germans were so impressed by the performance of the Triplane that it spawned a brief triplane craze among German aircraft manufacturers. Their efforts resulted in no fewer than 34 different prototypes, including the Fokker V.4, prototype of the successful Fokker Dr.I.
The Triplane was famously flown by No. 10 Naval Squadron's "B" Flight, better known as "Black Flight." This all-Canadian flight was commanded by the ace Raymond Collishaw. Their aircraft, named Black Maria, Black Prince, Black George, Black Death and Black Sheep, were distinguishable by their black-painted fins and cowlings. Black Flight claimed 87 German aircraft in three months while equipped with the Triplane. Collishaw himself scored 34 of his eventual 60 victories in the aircraft, making him the top Triplane ace.
My Feedback: (49)
My Feedback: (49)
AT-6 or Stearman
Pt 19?
Curtis JN4 Jenny? Not cigar yet.
The not technically a war plane
1.) it trained almost 90% of the US flyers?
2.) It was at 2 seater (Tandem) <----Not much Help here.
3.) It's a tail Dragger.
I thought this was gona be so easy too ...
Pt 19?
Curtis JN4 Jenny? Not cigar yet.
The not technically a war plane
1.) it trained almost 90% of the US flyers?
2.) It was at 2 seater (Tandem) <----Not much Help here.
3.) It's a tail Dragger.
I thought this was gona be so easy too ...