Originally Posted by
MajorTomski
The artist of the little sketch has an airplane with amazing performance! At point 3 it has managed to do a 180 flat turn from its original path then do another 180 flat turn to resume the original path at 4.
The maneuver shown in the drawing is called a "wing over" today. Notice the control inputs shown below the picture. First a steep climb with the ailerons and rudder centered. At the top of the climb, but before losing all the airspeed the rudder is moved hard left and the aileron is countered to the right to keep the plane from rolling. The plane does a 180 degree turn pulls out of the dive and exits the maneuver going in the opposite direction that it started.