RE: Glue 101
Thin, med, thick CA is all basically the same stuff, just different viscosities. You will get the strongest joint on wood by first getting the parts to fit well, then wick a little thin on both parts. While still wet, apply a layer of medium or thick on one or both parts then join. CA will bond dang near anything, but it can be brittle.
As for polyurethane glue (i.e. gorilla poly, elmers probond poly,etc.) it will bond wood, i.e. balsa, but it’s real strength is on skinning foam cores. It could replace epoxy in some situations. The problem is that poly is hard to control how it cures, i.e. how much foaming. I’d stick with the epoxy and not deviate from written instructions as a beginner. As you progress, you will build up your list of prefered adhesives.