RE: making decent mufflers
First expansion volume at least 8 times engine displacement. 16x is better, and you then need only a small diameter stinger for good power and excellent silencing. This device is also known as MCM (mousse can muffler) It should be tuned with the header length. Header can be partly, or completely inside the can. Header and stinger not in line, but offset to each other for best silencing without power loss.