Joe,

My crude understanding is something like this -

Static thrust is simply the amount of thrust without any forward movement of the propeller. Assuming the propeller is not stalled, the thrust produced is generally the greatest when static. If the prop is stalled (when static), it will not produce as much thrust, and the amount of thrust will increase when sufficient forward motion occurs, allowing the prop to unstall. The biggest reason we care about this, is that amps will be lower when the prop is stalled, and can (likely) increase when the prop has enough forward motion to become unstalled.

Higher pitched props are more likely to be stalled when static.

I believe prop stall thrust is the maximum thrust produced by the prop prior to it stalling. This may or may not occur when static.

Regards,