Actually, that's not directly so.
Available power is more to the point.
Consider this. An A/C or DC motor has a specification and rated referred to as "locked rotor".
This is the maximum power that the motor can consume, If maintained for longer than a very short time, the motor goes up in a cloud.
As the load decreases, and the applied voltage stays the same, generally, the current drops.
When a load increases, the current draw goes up. If the source of power cannot supply the need, then the voltage will drop.
The resulting current will be as much as the motor can draw from the source.
(There are motors that can "run away" under some of these conditions, but they aren't in common use, or are defective in a particular way.)
With the usual R/C motors and ESC's, it's more a case of having a motor sized properly for the load, supplied by an ESC that's correct for the motor,
and a battery capable of supplying the needed power. If the motor is undersized for the load, everything else being OK, it's the weak link.
More often, you might see an ESC fail. because it was over rated and undersized.
When Lipos fail catastrophically, and were not previously physically or electrically damaged, it's likely that they were exposed to an external condition, such as a shorted ESC, that caused
the failure. (Remember the 'Burst Rating")

How I tend to do things - -
The model requires a certain amount of power (Watts per pound)
The model has a limitation on propeller length due to clearances
Motors and propellers have RPM limits.
I start out with 10,000 RPM as the rule of thumb for the general type of models I have an interest in.
Cost and availability factors make 3 to 6 cell lipos the preferred range.
The KV rating of the motor and 10,000RPM can be used to determine the desired cell count.
Or the projected cell count and RPM can be used to determine the needed KV rating.
Finally, the propeller can be fine tuned in length and pitch to obtain the desired end result.

I usually use E-Calc (propeller calc) to get a reasonable approximation of the resutls, without the usual expensive trial an error
that might otherwise be needed.

It's worthy of note that some ESC's, such as many of the Castles, are actually under rated to some extent. Others, usually the "cheapies",
may be over rated. Motors can also follow a similar pattern. Batteries are in another similar situation, with a few added complications.
(A battery with a maximum "C" rating of 50C and leads/connectors that cannot carry the 50C current as an example.)
I had a 6C 5000mah battery that had the attached ESC catastrophically fail. The ESC had shorted out, and went up in a cloud.
The actual end of event failure was that the ESC to power lead solder joint melted on the ESC circuit board.
Normal peak current draw had previously been measured as 78A at full throttle in a static test.
The actual peak current at failure was unknown, but had to be, based upon the smoke and melted solder joints,
in excess of 150A. The ESC was rated at 80A continuous.