Unfortunately there are no simple equations to design a wing. The TLAR approach with a generous amount of "cut and try" is the method used by all model designers whether they admit it or not. (After years spent as an engineer in flight test at a major manufacturer, I can assure you that a bit of that goes into full scale design as well)

There are some rules of thumb that will help keep you from making major goofs. Some of these can be found at http://webpages.charter.net/rcfu/HelpsHints/ModDgn.html

A few hints are:

A straight wing is easier to build, but a tapered wing is more efficient.

Use a thinner airfoil for speed, and a thicker for better maneuverablilty

Use a symetrical airfoil if you want to fly inverted a lot ( i.e aerobatic aircraft). A more cambered airfoil is more efficient in normal flight (and would be better for a pylon racer for instance).

Twist is sometimes used to prevent tip stall when landing, however don't use twist for aerobatic aircraft as it aggravates tip stall when flying inverted.

Full span ailerons are easier to build, but conventional ailerons give better control.

Dihedral is used to provide lateral stability but makes knife edge flight more difficult. Use no dihedral for aerobatic aircraft, and a little for other types.

Some sweepback has a similar effect as dihedral. Since our models don't approach sonic speeds, it is primarily an appearance thing. (forward sweep is pretty unstable and dosen't perform well)

I hope this helps in evaluating the experimental wing you have in your head. If it departs too much from conventional, the characteristics will be hard to predict, but go for it and see what happens.