Pulled from bottom.

Seriously I think it is done empirically by BVM. BVM is one of the few vendors I know that actually publishes a Vne. I know one popular sport model and the manufacturer told me he would NEVER give a Vne, but nobody asked himso it did not come up.


For the manufacturers that do not give a Vne, there planes should not even be going 200, but rather 170 mph.