Back to the question......

What makes a 3D plane? Well for a good 3D plane, it has to be stable yet very unstable. The stability should come from proper lateral balnce and a light wing loading. The instability will come from an AFT CG and a MID or LOW wing mountingwith little if any dihedral. A 3D plane needs to be able to perform well upright and inverted, so a MID WING is desireable. A 3D plane also needs to perform very well at slow speeds and high alpha manuevers (wing stalled conditions)

Yes large control surface and throw are also desireable, but not 100% necessary for all 3D manuevers. Hovering can actually be performed with small tail surfaces. The purpose of the large surfaces/throws is for 2 reasons. First reason is for very violent manuevers and the second is for more control at slower speeds.

You can have a really good performing 3D plane that doesn't look like a CAP, EDGE or EXTRA, but these are typically the best