ORIGINAL: adam_one
But since the AIR is slowed down within the boundary layer, it reduces the control surface effectiveness, especially during take-off and/or landing approach when the airspeed and AOA may be near stall.
You are combining the effects of boundary layer and separation. The fact that the boundary layer slows does not matter, since the boundary layer touches the freestream. It just acts as if the aileron is a little thicker. However, there is often separation right at the trailing edge, at virtually all but diving conditions, that could cause a control deadband you refer to. However, blaming it on boundary layer is wrong. You need to have separation for that to occur.