RE: How much wind is too much?
If the airplane flys backwards at full throttle, it's too windy.
If the airplanes takes off without the engine running, it's too windy.
If the airplane won't come down for a landing, even in a vertical dive, it's too windy.
BTW, the airplane DOES know if it's flying in a headwind, tailwind, or crosswind, and will react accordingly. Groundspeed and lift will change, affecting the flying characteristics.
Dr.1