RE: Engine head temps
JVB,
I can add that it also depends on where you intend to take the reading...
At the head fins, with an infra-red sensor, you may see temperatures of 200-240 degree Fahrenheit, sometimes less, while at the base of the fins, or with a thermo-couple, you will typically see 325-375 degrees.
So, there is no single number, above which you can truly say it is too hot.
In general, if the engine too hot, you will know this...