ORIGINAL: bumperdragger
The HSN affects fuel delivery into the engine at all rpms....it's the main path for fuel to get into the carb. With that said, in addition, the HSN is used to tune the high speed engine rpm fuel delivery...even though it regulates all fuel coming into the engine, just the way it is. The LSN affects the engine's low speed/ lower mid speed rpm fuel delivery. Adjust the HSN first and then the LSN and finally the idle speed. Simple stuff.
Good explanation!
Some carburetors all so have a mid range needle as well. Most do not mess with it unless you are a expert tuner.