Where is your Tech support for the engine?
1) picture #6 the bottom fitting on the carb is the pulse line.
There should be a fitting on the engine crankcase it hooks to.
It makes the carb. pump fuel.

2) Your Dad is right. A kill switch grounds out the mag.

3) the carb is probally close enough to start and run.
Put some fuel in the throat flip it over.

4) I believe the needle closest to the engine is the High needle.
There should be a H and a L next to them.

Do you have or can you borrow an electric starter?
Some mags don't put out a lot of spark at slow speede and even less at flip speeds.
I have a Sullivan that is capable of 24 volts and it does a nice job on most stuff.

Pull the plug and check for spark. Flip it a few times.
Then hook any starter to it with the plug out and check for spark.

Let us know what you find.

Who converted this engine?