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Yes, you can use 30 minute epoxy. In fact, this is a better choice than 5 minute since it gives you more working time and it soaks into the wood better than 5 minute. To thin epoxy, do not mix in solvents such as acetone or alcohol. Instead, just apply a little heat to the epoxy with a heat gun, or a hair drier. Heat works better because it reduces the risk of the epoxy not curing properly. Also, studies have shown that using a solvent causes the epoxy to be somewhat porous when it cures.

CA is cyanoacrylate glue. You'll find it called names such as super glue, instant glue, zap, etc. It's a class of glues that cures very quickly. In a pinch, you could use it to fuel proof, but since the fumes are toxic, I prefer to not use it for large areas.