Whenever you change fuel, and the change results in a measurable difference in combustion temperatures, engines may react to the change.

Non-ringed pistons fit the engine sleeve based on the temperature they encounter when running. If that changes measurably, the piston/sleeve fit might be affected. Ringed engines won't always show as obvious response.

An engine's life is usually affected most by the friction it encounters. If you run the engine at higher rpm, it's going to encounter more friction.