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Old 11-02-2007 | 11:42 AM
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Hossfly
 
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Default RE: Stupid question, why/how do planes fly inverted?


ORIGINAL: Minnreefer

I have a stupid question, please excuse my ignorance, I basically understand the lift principle involved in lift (I think ) where air goes over the top wing, I believe due to the wings shape creating lift. How does it work when the plane is inverted? Or when the wings are symmetrical?

I need to review my phyics.

Thanks

Jon
Jon, there is plenty info up above to provide a model flier enough info to fly toy airplanes. However there are many factors that may be nice to know, but definitely not required. There are significant items that may be difficult to explain, such as 3D, however if one analyses the pressure patterns plus the source of the airflow, one can explain 3D just as simply as regular lift. Now in subsonic airspeed where we RCers operate it all is relatively easy, but trans-sonic and supersonic each have their own properties which is not yet our RC problem

Lift is = to the Coefficient of lift (Angle-of-attack) X 1/2(roe{air-mass density} x Velocity squared X wing area)

We also know that at any given level in this atmosphere, the total pressure -- weight of the air -- remains the same and undisturbed it is STATIC pressure. Therefore when the air is moved, DYNAMIC pressure is created which lessens STATIC pressure as TOTAL pressure is a constant.

Now as a pilot, what can you control? You can control Angle-of-Attack (AOA) and you can control Speed (Velocity).
Notice that Velocity functions by the square which means that velocity is one big key-player in the production of lift. Air-mass density is controlled by forces higher than we can reach, and wing area is pretty well set, however items like Fowler-Flaps provide some options for a pilot. Not a factor here!

No matter the airfoil, at some AOA lift is produced as the speed is increased flowing over one side reducing the static pressure vice the higher static pressure on the opposite side.

Every item you move on the control surfaces redirects airflow via a different AOA, which changes the lift equation around that surface, which in turn places a load factor on another area. Move the elevator on the horizontal stabilizer UP and you make lift on the bottom of the stab which places a load on the wing, thus increasing the wing's AOA which produces more lift, thus producing movement in the realm of wherever the top of the wing happens to be pointing.

If your airplane has adequate thrust, or power, however derived whether jet, propeller, or dive, that wing/surface will produce a lift-force when loaded by another surface. Without that power to override DRAG (same equation-Induced from the AOA and/or Parasitic resulting from the airflow) then speed will decrease resulting in rapid loss of that lift-force.

Notice that most high wing trainers have significant down-thrust (all should have). Without Down thrust, increase the speed on the high lift flat bottom wing, the machine climbs, reduce speed it tends to dive. Using adequate downthrust, higher engine speeds cancel out (or reduce) the extra lift. Get the machine well trimmed out, and the lift along with the thrust-vector-down at higher speeds, keeps the attitude fairly constant throughout the use of throttle. reducing the throttle, the thrust vector relaxes and the machine is trimmed for lower airspeed. Add throttle and the increase speed(lift) is offset by the down thrust vector.

Bernouli's theorem is very effective, however Bernouli was concerned with liquids that cannot be compressed. Air can be compressed which does provide some differences.

Last point, when you are inverted, and you pull "up" elevator, the machine does as you tell it. It doesn't know where mother-earth is but it will go there. BTDT enough. []