Depends on the airplane's tires.

If they're large enough diameter they can land on anything. So basically you compare the airplane's size (which determines the tire size) to the roughness of the runway.

The nicest flying field in the area is grass. It has no pavement at all. It's cut once a week. We're presently working on a project to pave a small area at one end so the smaller electrics will have a place they can take off. Their tiny wheels won't roll even immediately after the grass is cut. And no way they'll land without flipping over.

There are 3 flying fields in the area. The other two have asphalt strips. Most of the flyers at those fields take off from the asphalt and land on the grass beside the pavement.

You pretty much need very good grass, cut very uniformly to operate any model under 40size comfortably.