Using a lighter prop lets the engine spin up faster and/or at higher RPM. Using too light of a prop will allow your engine to spin faster than the recommended RPM range and could cause damage.

Sometimes a slightly smaller prop is used for break-in. Engines have a tendency to develop more power after being run for a few gallons.

The right prop is one that lets your engine spin in the right RPM range and gives you the performance YOU want for that particular plane.

Larger diameter props pull harder and smaller diameter props spin faster. When you increase diameter you decrease pitch, and vice versa.

Out the props you listed, the 13x8 would give you the highest top speed, and the 16x5 would give you the best vertical performance.