Yes (with Futaba, anyway). You have to turn on the Tx, then the Rx and press the "bind" button on the Rx for two seconds and release. Then cycle the receiver off and back on to make sure it truly is linked. But, until relinked it is "married" to just that one transmitter. One at a time.

You would want to because some of us have multiple models and multiple transmitters. I have duplicates on several of my planes in case I get somewhere and one Tx craps out for whatever reason - dropped, theft, switch breaks, etc.