Carb needle settings
01-23-2011 | 03:14 PM
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From: Arlington,
TX
Carb needle settings
Ive got a Zenoah G-26, the carb needles need to be reset to factory settings or as close to posible. Can anybody give me some help here? They got screwed all the way in and now need to be reset, ive played around with it and not haveing any luck finding where they need to be.
Capt,n said that !
01-23-2011 | 08:41 PM
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From: Arlington,
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RE: Carb needle settings
Im sorry guys!! I thought this was a place to ask for help, or was I mistakeing it for something else? I dont need your smartass coments, I asked for help and nothing else. Since I dont have any exsperiance with gas engines and want to learn them then it looks like I need to look elsewhere to seek the advise of people who do have the exsperiance to help a guy out. Thanks for nothing!
01-23-2011 | 09:07 PM
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From: Salem,
OR
RE: Carb needle settings
they're just screwing around, not trying to do it at your expense but at the other people that argue about anything and everything... This type of question brings out the crazies like asking "what oil is best" and so forth...
a good starting point is 1.5 turns out from stop on both needles, it should at least run there but you will have to fine tune
a good starting point is 1.5 turns out from stop on both needles, it should at least run there but you will have to fine tune
01-23-2011 | 09:38 PM
#10
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RE: Carb needle settings
I was having some fun but since you got to name calling I'll say something like: if you want help you must first learn to help yourself. If you typed " carb factory settings" in a search function you would have likely come up with a list of posts in several RC forums as long as you are tall. If you were to type in "Walbro factory settings" you would come up with another equally long list of informational threads. So you are either lazy or don't have basic computer/internet skills. You want others to do the work instead of you.
But no, you have to run out and call all the people that have provided people like you volumes of engine information a foul referenced name. So in this case the anal orifice is you because your inexperience and lack of tolerance just made you loathed by all the people that could help you the most. If you knew anything you would know that just about every Walbro out there could get the engine started with both needles 1-1/2 open, and that further adjustment was mandatory after starting to obtain the correct level of mixture tuning for your engine. If you were real bright you might have downloaded the instructions from the Horizon site. So just for even more fun, who was the moron that closed the needles without counting the number of turns?
Likely your next questions will reference oil ratios, types of oil, prop sizes, and timing. With luck you'll contemplate a little futher longer you call people *****holes. Look in the mirror, you might not like what you see. Until then you will have to KMA before I'll answer one of your questions.
But no, you have to run out and call all the people that have provided people like you volumes of engine information a foul referenced name. So in this case the anal orifice is you because your inexperience and lack of tolerance just made you loathed by all the people that could help you the most. If you knew anything you would know that just about every Walbro out there could get the engine started with both needles 1-1/2 open, and that further adjustment was mandatory after starting to obtain the correct level of mixture tuning for your engine. If you were real bright you might have downloaded the instructions from the Horizon site. So just for even more fun, who was the moron that closed the needles without counting the number of turns?
Likely your next questions will reference oil ratios, types of oil, prop sizes, and timing. With luck you'll contemplate a little futher longer you call people *****holes. Look in the mirror, you might not like what you see. Until then you will have to KMA before I'll answer one of your questions.
01-23-2011 | 10:55 PM
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From: Arlington,
TX
RE: Carb needle settings
ORIGINAL: rangerfredbob
they're just screwing around, not trying to do it at your expense but at the other people that argue about anything and everything... This type of question brings out the crazies like asking ''what oil is best'' and so forth...
a good starting point is 1.5 turns out from stop on both needles, it should at least run there but you will have to fine tune
they're just screwing around, not trying to do it at your expense but at the other people that argue about anything and everything... This type of question brings out the crazies like asking ''what oil is best'' and so forth...
a good starting point is 1.5 turns out from stop on both needles, it should at least run there but you will have to fine tune
01-23-2011 | 10:56 PM
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RE: Carb needle settings
ORIGINAL: SCOTT42
Im sorry guys!! I thought this was a place to ask for help, or was I mistakeing it for something else? I dont need your smartass coments, I asked for help and nothing else. Since I dont have any exsperiance with gas engines and want to learn them then it looks like I need to look elsewhere to seek the advise of people who do have the exsperiance to help a guy out. Thanks for nothing!
Im sorry guys!! I thought this was a place to ask for help, or was I mistakeing it for something else? I dont need your smartass coments, I asked for help and nothing else. Since I dont have any exsperiance with gas engines and want to learn them then it looks like I need to look elsewhere to seek the advise of people who do have the exsperiance to help a guy out. Thanks for nothing!
The only way to learn how to tune an engine is to twist some needles and take notes as to the effect. That's why your question brought forth so many humorous comments.
Ed Cregger
01-23-2011 | 11:09 PM
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From: Arlington,
TX
RE: Carb needle settings
ORIGINAL: Tired Old Man
I was having some fun but since you got to name calling I'll say something like: if you want help you must first learn to help yourself. If you typed '' carb factory settings'' in a search function you would have likely come up with a list of posts in several RC forums as long as you are tall. If you were to type in ''Walbro factory settings'' you would come up with another equally long list of informational threads. So you are either lazy or don't have basic computer/internet skills. You want others to do the work instead of you.
But no, you have to run out and call all the people that have provided people like you volumes of engine information a foul referenced name. So in this case the anal orifice is you because your inexperience and lack of tolerance just made you loathed by all the people that could help you the most. If you knew anything you would know that just about every Walbro out there could get the engine started with both needles 1-1/2 open, and that further adjustment was mandatory after starting to obtain the correct level of mixture tuning for your engine. If you were real bright you might have downloaded the instructions from the Horizon site. So just for even more fun, who was the moron that closed the needles without counting the number of turns?
Likely your next questions will reference oil ratios, types of oil, prop sizes, and timing. With luck you'll contemplate a little futher longer you call people *****holes. Look in the mirror, you might not like what you see. Until then you will have to KMA before I'll answer one of your questions.
I was having some fun but since you got to name calling I'll say something like: if you want help you must first learn to help yourself. If you typed '' carb factory settings'' in a search function you would have likely come up with a list of posts in several RC forums as long as you are tall. If you were to type in ''Walbro factory settings'' you would come up with another equally long list of informational threads. So you are either lazy or don't have basic computer/internet skills. You want others to do the work instead of you.
But no, you have to run out and call all the people that have provided people like you volumes of engine information a foul referenced name. So in this case the anal orifice is you because your inexperience and lack of tolerance just made you loathed by all the people that could help you the most. If you knew anything you would know that just about every Walbro out there could get the engine started with both needles 1-1/2 open, and that further adjustment was mandatory after starting to obtain the correct level of mixture tuning for your engine. If you were real bright you might have downloaded the instructions from the Horizon site. So just for even more fun, who was the moron that closed the needles without counting the number of turns?
Likely your next questions will reference oil ratios, types of oil, prop sizes, and timing. With luck you'll contemplate a little futher longer you call people *****holes. Look in the mirror, you might not like what you see. Until then you will have to KMA before I'll answer one of your questions.
01-23-2011 | 11:28 PM
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RE: Carb needle settings
For the record, who lets their children play with their airplane engines? That failure started at the top.
You already had your question answered by the time I posted the first time. Did you need another 30 answers for consensus?
You already had your question answered by the time I posted the first time. Did you need another 30 answers for consensus?
01-24-2011 | 06:00 AM
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From: Billingsley, AL
RE: Carb needle settings
Somewhere on the web the starting settings are readily available with a search attempt. OR even in the owners manual or on the Horizon website. The "best oil" answer is also out there floating on the WWW. Like Agent Mulder said to Agent Scully said "The truth is out there."
01-24-2011 | 09:06 AM
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From: La Porte,
IN
RE: Carb needle settings
ORIGINAL: ec121
..................................readily available with a search attempt.................................
..................................readily available with a search attempt.................................
There's a group of users online, that are "search challenged". They'll spend 0% effort needed to find the answer, instead wanting others to do it for them. If I was that way, I'd be embarrassed to have NOT tried to search for my needed answer. Heck, I'm embarrassed when I do look and can't find such.
I cringe to think of them in control of an R/C model with a hedge chopper up front.........scary image that creates.
What's the saying..........spoon feed me now & everytime -or- teach me to feed myself forever on my own.
fwiw; I did a web search using "Zenoah G-26", clicked on the first link, D/L'd the owners manual, read the INDEX, and found the answer needed, all under 90 seconds ( I'm semi-old, and slow[
])RCU itself is a big part of this problem. Where do they list their help/support message sections?
At the BOTTOM of the front page!
OK, enough ranting....gotta save some for the next "search challenged" event!
01-24-2011 | 09:54 AM
#22
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RE: Carb needle settings
I did a search for "Carb Needle Settings" and the results would be very vague to a newbe
Anywhere from 7/8ths to 3 turns? This wouldn't really serve any purpose to a new guy?
http://search.rcuniverse.com/search....rchwhere=forum
Maybe a search for "turns" would work better? Selecting the "Key Word" is all important as turns gets you close to the same result.
I appears, you would have to be a genius to select the correct key word and then be able to sort the many answers to arrive at the truth?
For many of us, tuning an engine has been second nature and we have been doing it since we were allowed to play outside as kids. I suppose video games do not teach you this skill?
Also to many of us, it is hard to imagine one having not already monkey'ed with chain saws, lawn mowers, weed whackers, and glow engines to be able to tell lean from rich?
But it is also hard to imagine someone pitching a knock down drag out fit (was removed) about the secondary answers they recieved after the correct answer was the first reply.
Anywhere from 7/8ths to 3 turns? This wouldn't really serve any purpose to a new guy?
http://search.rcuniverse.com/search....rchwhere=forum
Maybe a search for "turns" would work better? Selecting the "Key Word" is all important as turns gets you close to the same result.
I appears, you would have to be a genius to select the correct key word and then be able to sort the many answers to arrive at the truth?
For many of us, tuning an engine has been second nature and we have been doing it since we were allowed to play outside as kids. I suppose video games do not teach you this skill?
Also to many of us, it is hard to imagine one having not already monkey'ed with chain saws, lawn mowers, weed whackers, and glow engines to be able to tell lean from rich?
But it is also hard to imagine someone pitching a knock down drag out fit (was removed) about the secondary answers they recieved after the correct answer was the first reply.
01-24-2011 | 10:10 AM
#23
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RE: Carb needle settings
Sorry if anyone got offended; it is just that this question gets asked quite often, and is rather aggravating in and of itself. (No offense intended.) I suppose it comes from the fact that people buy gas powered machines or equipment, and expect them to run without adjustment. If they don't run properly, then they take them to a mechanic that can adjust that "scary" carburetor, or they return the item to the store. It is quite a different story with engines for model airplanes...
Factory settings are carb settings that (hopefully) will get the engine to run under most any circumstance, or combination of barometric pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, and prop load; nothing more. From there, one HAS to tune the engine to run properly in your particular combination of conditions.
As mentioned, 1.5 turns out on both needles will usually get the engine to run, and then you can fine tune it to actually run properly from there. I usually even cheat that a little and use 1 3/4 turns on both needles when I am first setting up an engine/carb combo. A too rich engine will usually at least try to run and let you dial it in, whereas a too lean engine often will not.
Attached is a great document for understanding and adjusting carbs. (Begins on page 10)
AV8TOR
Factory settings are carb settings that (hopefully) will get the engine to run under most any circumstance, or combination of barometric pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, and prop load; nothing more. From there, one HAS to tune the engine to run properly in your particular combination of conditions.
As mentioned, 1.5 turns out on both needles will usually get the engine to run, and then you can fine tune it to actually run properly from there. I usually even cheat that a little and use 1 3/4 turns on both needles when I am first setting up an engine/carb combo. A too rich engine will usually at least try to run and let you dial it in, whereas a too lean engine often will not.
Attached is a great document for understanding and adjusting carbs. (Begins on page 10)
AV8TOR
01-24-2011 | 10:24 AM
#24
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RE: Carb needle settings
Enter "Zenoah needle settings" in the search function at the top of this forum. The fifth search result comes up to a thread on Zenoah G26 tuning. What could be simpler!
How did people function before the internet? Many of us older types had to look far harder for info than people do today. And ... some people of my generation (and other generations) have become just plain lazy when it comes to research.
How did people function before the internet? Many of us older types had to look far harder for info than people do today. And ... some people of my generation (and other generations) have become just plain lazy when it comes to research.
01-24-2011 | 10:44 AM
#25
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RE: Carb needle settings
That one from BME is probably the best one I have seen.
I'll put it here in case someone is impatient.
<font size="4">The Following is from the BME manual . . . .
</font> <style type="text/css">p { margin-bottom: 0.08in; }</style><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">CARBURATOR/MIXTURE BASICS:</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The engine will run properly when it is receiving the correct fuel mixture (amount of air and fuel) from the carburetor.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The amount of air it receives is controlled by the throttle (butterfly) and how far it is open. </font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The amount of fuel that it receives depends on the settings of the Low- and High-end needles.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The engine draws fuel from the low-end (idle) needle at all times. As the engine RPMs increase to 2,000 – 3,500 (called the midrange) it also draws fuel from the high-end needle. As the RPMs increase further, it draws even more fuel from the high-end needle. The trick is to adjust the needles so that the engine gets the right amount of fuel for all throttle settings (butterfly openings).</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The term </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">“Lean”</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> means that there is less fuel or more air being delivered to the engine from the carburetor for a given butterfly opening (throttle setting). The engine will run faster, smoother, and hotter as the mixture is “leaned”, provided that it is not leaned too much causing the engine to over heat and "sag".</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The term </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">“Rich”</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> means that there is more fuel being delivered to the engine by the carburetor for a given throttle setting. The engine will typically run slower, cooler, and less smoothly and will probably foul the spark plugs if it is too rich.</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Generally, the Low-end needle is set as lean as possible while still retaining the ability to instantly transition from idle to the midrange. If the idle is set too lean, the engine will hesitate and probably die if the throttle is advanced quickly from idle. If the idle is set too rich, it will spit, sputter, and burble when the throttle is moved quickly from low to high because it is trying to burn excess fuel.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The High-end needle is set correctly when the engine turns maximum RPM without overheating. If set too lean over-heating will occur, causing the engine to “sag” or otherwise slow-down and will cause damage to the engine. This can show up while flying when the aircraft is climbing vertically or pulling through loops. If set too rich, the engine will not run smoothly and will not develop full power.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The carburetor has two black needles that are used to adjust Low-end (idle and midrange) and High-end (full throttle) fuel mixtures. They are marked on the carb body next to the needles “L” and “H” respectively.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">When a needle is screwed “in” (turned clockwise) it “leans” the mixture by restricting fuel flow. When a needle is screwed “out” (turned counter-clockwise or CCW) it richens the mixture by allowing more fuel to flow through the carburetor and into the engine.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If for any reason the needle settings are completely lost, the low-end needle should be reset to 1 ¼ turns open and the high-end needle set to 1 ½ turns open in order to begin re-tuning the engine. Start by screwing the needles all of the way in, but be careful and do not to over-tighten them or their seats may be damaged. Close them just enough to be snug. Now open them 1 ¼ and 1 ½ turns for initial settings.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Note: The carburetor may be equipped with a brass fitting containing a screwdriver slot - this is the accelerator pump and </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">should not be adjusted</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">!</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">STARTING AND ADJUSTING YOUR BME ENGINE.</font></font></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">CAUTION!</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> </font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Please review and become familiar with all safety instructions before attempting to start your engine.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Do not attempt to start the engine without a helper to hold the aircraft!</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Be sure that the ignition has been completely and correctly wired before starting the engine.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Always treat the engine as though it could fire and run at full power at any time.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">PREPARE THE ENGINE FOR STARTING:</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If it is the first time the engine is to be run</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> the needles should already be at the factory settings. This should result in preliminary settings that will allow the engine to idle and to run slightly rich at full throttle</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">After filling the fuel tank with the proper gas/oil mixture, make sure the ignition is turned </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">OFF</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> and </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">make sure a helper is securely holding the aircraft!</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Choking The Engine</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 1in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">There are three methods of choking BME engines depending on how the carburetor is configured.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If the carburetor has a fuel bulb/reservoir, depress the bulb until it is full and excess fuel squirts out.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.75in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If the carburetor has a choke (a butterfly at the carb opening) close the butterfly so that it covers the intake and flip the prop until fuel appears at the carburetor.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.75in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If the carburetor has no choke place your thumb over the carb intake and rotate the propeller (don't flip it) until fuel appears at the carb opening without letting go of the propeller.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">STARTING THE ENGINE:</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p>
I'll put it here in case someone is impatient.
<font size="4">The Following is from the BME manual . . . .
</font> <style type="text/css">p { margin-bottom: 0.08in; }</style><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">CARBURATOR/MIXTURE BASICS:</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The engine will run properly when it is receiving the correct fuel mixture (amount of air and fuel) from the carburetor.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The amount of air it receives is controlled by the throttle (butterfly) and how far it is open. </font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The amount of fuel that it receives depends on the settings of the Low- and High-end needles.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The engine draws fuel from the low-end (idle) needle at all times. As the engine RPMs increase to 2,000 – 3,500 (called the midrange) it also draws fuel from the high-end needle. As the RPMs increase further, it draws even more fuel from the high-end needle. The trick is to adjust the needles so that the engine gets the right amount of fuel for all throttle settings (butterfly openings).</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The term </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">“Lean”</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> means that there is less fuel or more air being delivered to the engine from the carburetor for a given butterfly opening (throttle setting). The engine will run faster, smoother, and hotter as the mixture is “leaned”, provided that it is not leaned too much causing the engine to over heat and "sag".</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The term </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">“Rich”</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> means that there is more fuel being delivered to the engine by the carburetor for a given throttle setting. The engine will typically run slower, cooler, and less smoothly and will probably foul the spark plugs if it is too rich.</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Generally, the Low-end needle is set as lean as possible while still retaining the ability to instantly transition from idle to the midrange. If the idle is set too lean, the engine will hesitate and probably die if the throttle is advanced quickly from idle. If the idle is set too rich, it will spit, sputter, and burble when the throttle is moved quickly from low to high because it is trying to burn excess fuel.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The High-end needle is set correctly when the engine turns maximum RPM without overheating. If set too lean over-heating will occur, causing the engine to “sag” or otherwise slow-down and will cause damage to the engine. This can show up while flying when the aircraft is climbing vertically or pulling through loops. If set too rich, the engine will not run smoothly and will not develop full power.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The carburetor has two black needles that are used to adjust Low-end (idle and midrange) and High-end (full throttle) fuel mixtures. They are marked on the carb body next to the needles “L” and “H” respectively.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">When a needle is screwed “in” (turned clockwise) it “leans” the mixture by restricting fuel flow. When a needle is screwed “out” (turned counter-clockwise or CCW) it richens the mixture by allowing more fuel to flow through the carburetor and into the engine.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If for any reason the needle settings are completely lost, the low-end needle should be reset to 1 ¼ turns open and the high-end needle set to 1 ½ turns open in order to begin re-tuning the engine. Start by screwing the needles all of the way in, but be careful and do not to over-tighten them or their seats may be damaged. Close them just enough to be snug. Now open them 1 ¼ and 1 ½ turns for initial settings.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Note: The carburetor may be equipped with a brass fitting containing a screwdriver slot - this is the accelerator pump and </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">should not be adjusted</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">!</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">STARTING AND ADJUSTING YOUR BME ENGINE.</font></font></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">CAUTION!</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> </font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Please review and become familiar with all safety instructions before attempting to start your engine.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Do not attempt to start the engine without a helper to hold the aircraft!</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Be sure that the ignition has been completely and correctly wired before starting the engine.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Always treat the engine as though it could fire and run at full power at any time.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">PREPARE THE ENGINE FOR STARTING:</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If it is the first time the engine is to be run</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> the needles should already be at the factory settings. This should result in preliminary settings that will allow the engine to idle and to run slightly rich at full throttle</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">After filling the fuel tank with the proper gas/oil mixture, make sure the ignition is turned </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">OFF</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"> and </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">make sure a helper is securely holding the aircraft!</font></font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Choking The Engine</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 1in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">There are three methods of choking BME engines depending on how the carburetor is configured.</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If the carburetor has a fuel bulb/reservoir, depress the bulb until it is full and excess fuel squirts out.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.75in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If the carburetor has a choke (a butterfly at the carb opening) close the butterfly so that it covers the intake and flip the prop until fuel appears at the carburetor.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.75in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><ul>[*] <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If the carburetor has no choke place your thumb over the carb intake and rotate the propeller (don't flip it) until fuel appears at the carb opening without letting go of the propeller.</font></font></p>[/list]<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">STARTING THE ENGINE:</font></font></p><p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p>
- <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Make sure the </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">ignition is turned OFF!</font></font></font></p>
- <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Choke the engine using one of the methods described above.</font></font></p>
- <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Set the throttle to full idle (the butterfly open approximately 1/32” to 1/16&rdquo.</font></font></p>
- <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Turn the ignition system </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">ON</font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">.</font></font></font></p>
- <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Flip the prop CCW until the engine fires. If the carb is equipped with a choke the engine will fire and then stop. At this point open the choke and flip the prop until the engine fires and runs (usually 3-5 flips).</font></font></p>
- <p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Let the engine warm-up for a while before advancing the throttle.</font></font></p>
