Bipe incidence
#1
Thread Starter
Senior Member
I'm just finishing a new small electric Ultimate bipe.However, there is no info on what incidence should be used on top wing, if any. The means of attachment to the main strut is such that it could be set with any amount nothing estastablishes any amount and non given in manual.In fact overall they could have saved the expence of printing the manual for what it's worth. My intent is to set it at 0 temporarily and fly like that to test. Any suggestions?
#2

My Feedback: (1)
I'm sure that someone more adept at the science than I will have input, but to impart what I've learned through trial and error, plus talking to some full-scale bipe flyers;
Equal incidence is okay, and with a smaller model the effects my not be as pronounced as on a larger model. If the top wing incidence is more positve than the lower wing, it will stall first in extreme maneuver or slow flight conditions. This usually causes the nose to drop, as the center of lift shifts aft (as long as the stagger is positive)relative to the c/g. If the top incidence is less than the bottom wing, the bottom will stall first, which usually causes the nose to pitch up, due to the center of lift being equal to or forward of the c/g (in essence, creating a tail-heavy situation). When the plane stalls, it's better, IMO, to have the nose drop, as it puts the plane in an attitude to gain airspeed and recover from the stall, plus the tail remains more effective. The greater both incidences are, relative to the thrust line, and depending on airfoil shape, the greater the tendency to climb with application of power, requiring changes in elevator trim to maintain level flight at higher power settings.
The amount of stagger in the wing will also have an effect related to the incidence settings, as the center of lift will shift more with more stagger than less. On my bipes, I have about 0.5-0.75 degree greater positive incidence in the top wing. I am flying Golden Age and WWI stuff, so mine aren't terribly fast or especially agile, like a Pitts or Ultimate would be, but I like how mine fly, they are predictable and stable.
Equal incidence is okay, and with a smaller model the effects my not be as pronounced as on a larger model. If the top wing incidence is more positve than the lower wing, it will stall first in extreme maneuver or slow flight conditions. This usually causes the nose to drop, as the center of lift shifts aft (as long as the stagger is positive)relative to the c/g. If the top incidence is less than the bottom wing, the bottom will stall first, which usually causes the nose to pitch up, due to the center of lift being equal to or forward of the c/g (in essence, creating a tail-heavy situation). When the plane stalls, it's better, IMO, to have the nose drop, as it puts the plane in an attitude to gain airspeed and recover from the stall, plus the tail remains more effective. The greater both incidences are, relative to the thrust line, and depending on airfoil shape, the greater the tendency to climb with application of power, requiring changes in elevator trim to maintain level flight at higher power settings.
The amount of stagger in the wing will also have an effect related to the incidence settings, as the center of lift will shift more with more stagger than less. On my bipes, I have about 0.5-0.75 degree greater positive incidence in the top wing. I am flying Golden Age and WWI stuff, so mine aren't terribly fast or especially agile, like a Pitts or Ultimate would be, but I like how mine fly, they are predictable and stable.
#4
Senior Member
In all my bipes (7 Aeromasters, 2 large Lazy Aces, 1 5 foot Lazy Ace, 2 Phaeton90's, 2 Phaeton 40's, 3 Moths plus many more) all flew best with the top wing about 1.5 degrees less than the lower wing. Just a minor change can make a big difference in how the plane flys and all were much worse when the top wing had more incidence than the lower wing. On all my bipes I now build the mounting for the upper wing adjustable for the first few flights then lock it in after finding the best setting by flight testing. Just a degree or two of change can change a plane from a real dog to a neat flying machine.



