Has anyone ever heard of a battery like the following:
12 cell
14.4 votl
10000mAh
For solar panel.
Can I use this on my boat?

10K is possible yes in 2p config.
solar cell? meh why bother

what size cells are they? D-size? If so then yes you can use them but the boat would have to be massive.

Yup, I've got some that I made into packs for my large scale boats.

They were used for some communication equipment that was located out in the middleof no-where ( my ex-company I worked for supplied them. They had a 1 year shelf life on the fro legal reasons and were going to be tossed out. I grabbed about 15 packs when they did .
The solar panel charged them. The are "D" size Nicd's rated at 5000mAh wired in parallel . I broke them down to make some 12V packs. They have been working for about 4 years now and still go great !