RE: what to use instead of epoxy?
That is very much the key - A proper design where glue in tension is not what is relied upon for the joint.
Provided the joint fits properly -
If the joint is under compression, the glue used is not all that important
If it is under shear - also not all that important
If it is under tension and relying upon the glue to hold it in place, Epoxy is the strongest choice.
If the glue itself is stronger than the wood it is bonding (IE - if the joint breaks and the glue stays in place but the wood on either side of the joint breaks), then the glue is strong enough. This also needs to take into account the longevity of the glue from such factors as fuel dissolving it and vibration fatiguing the glue (happens with CA).