Originally Posted by
jim billings
How do I measure the wing incidence? Is the reference a line from the lead edge through the wing to the trail edge? This assumes a line from the furthest point forward on the lead edge to the center of the trail edge. In that case, there is an obvious angle between that line and the bottom surface of a flat bottom wing or a semi symmetrical wing. This means the bottom surface of the wing would be pointed down if the line were used as "level". That seems contradictory. I don't want to be argumentative or take over this thread with my problems, so if there is a book (if there is such a thing as a book, anymore) that could guide me, please let me know. And thank all who have replied to my question. You are greatly appreciated.
O.K Jim, let's try to figure this thing out. Given that you are setting up a model airplane that will be well within the sub-sonic air space for flight. There are differences in sub-sonic, trans-sonic, and super sonic airflow, each with its own little differences. (BTW) I have several books but they are out in my barn right now and I have been very busy tonight. I spent the day as Line-Boss in a RC War Bird event, and will be doing it again tomorrow. I have worked several hours this PM making up a folder to assist a brand new AMA Contest Director to take over one of my annual Competition Fun-Fly events in Feb. 2015. After about 18 years of that event, I am about ready to take a rest. I don't really care to go out to the barn tonight, now 11:30 PM, so here is where we BE, Sir.
So let us forward to wing incidence. It is not a real problem in sub-sonic airflow. You can get away with most anything, but as you said that the horizontal stabilizer should be ZERO.
Where to start? Draw a line from the center of the fuselage nose at the mid point of said nose to the mid-point of the tail section of the fuselage.
Draw a straight line parallel with the first line along where the horizontal stab center L.E. to back of the Stab again center of the thickness will be. Now you have a stab
position at ZERO incidence. That will fly and allow the airplane to do same if you do it properly.
Now if you are really all for perfect, use some stiff cardboard or some such paper and make a wing rib just like the root rib of your wing. Use this as a pattern for setting your wing at whichever incidence angle you choose. Personally a MODEL airplane does not need much of an incidence angle, but if you want it then do it. You will have adequate elevator trim to make
the model think it has a positive wing incidence even if you don't, since you are not using a symmetrical wing. In the real world sub-sonic aircraft use 0 incidence for slab stabs. Many use a stab that is capable of rotating the slab leading edge for the ability to trim and such creates a lesser problem when approaching the trans-sonic range. Maybe you recall that in the later days of WW II fighters, many with conventional fixed stabs, and elevators with trim tabs had considerable problems when diving into the Trans-sonic envelope. The shock-wave could cover over the hinge line and the big machine got all upset and went the wrong way. It wasn't very nice.

In your rather slow flight envelope with a model, I dare say that you will not have that problem. Now if you have a model that calls for some incidence in the wing, so be it. Just measure the line between as you stated, make the incidence along that straight line. If that creates a need for extra down elevator, then simply add a couple degrees or maybe several degrees down-thrust of the engine. Way back in the Pattern Aerobatics competition days a symmetrical wing got 2-3 degrees up-thrust and the engine got a couple degrees down thrust. At power-up the engine is trying to pull down while the wing wants to fly up. Back to idle, the engine is NOT pulling and the wing has lesser air-flow so the couple degrees pretty much takes care of the problems. It's not so much to worry about and if you keep the Center-of-Gravity, CG, MAC, etc. in the 23-28% range, your machine will fly. Aft CG behind 32% of MAC, well I won't be there to assist you picking up the pieces.