What do all of the terms mean? Dual rates, exponential rates,
Dual rates: With this you can switch between normal and less sensitive for the control sticks. The disadvantage is that in the less sensitive mode, you may not have full control throw, or you may not get enough throw to bail yourself out of a difficult situation.
Exponential: With this you can decrease or increase the sensitivity of the first 50% or so of stick throw. The advantage here is that if you move the stick to the stop, you get 100% of your control throw no matter what the sensitivity is set to. When exponential is set to less sensitive, you get really fine control with small stick movements, but full control with large stick movements.