No one mentioned the Elevator. This is a control surface on the Horizontal Stabilizer (The "Stab" for short is what the layman would call the "Back Wing") The rear of the Stab is hinged to move up and down. When it moves up, air flowing over it pushes the rear of the plane down, which causes the nose to point up, and vice versa.

One of the tricky things about flying is that this control DOES NOT always cause the plane to go "UP" (This can lead to many Newbie crashes)

For example, if you are in a banked turn, pulling too much "Up" elevator can cause the turn to sharpen and eventually become a spin, once the plane rolls to inverted "Up" becomes "Down". In this state of panic, the beginner is likely to pull "Up" again, to make the plane go up, but when up is down, you can guess what happens.