The beeps could be several things...

1) VOR's have an idenifier code (morse code, hence the beep) that is audible for positive identification
2) The Markers (outer, middle, inner) make a beep (not morse code though) as you pass over them on the ILS
3) NDB's can ident like #1 as well (though not all do I have found )

There are others as well but I bet one of these fits your scenario. If you look on sectional charts that depict VOR's, you will see the indentifier in the little box that has the morse code (dashes and dots). If you are tracking on a VOR radial, turn up the audio on the NAV side and you will hear the ident morse-code (as an example).

Gotta run but I will get to your other questions if no one else does later...sorry !

Flying is fun ! It's like knowing a secret no one else knows...

CJ