Epoxy comes in several varieties or actually set times. The fastest being 5 minute. This gives you about 2 minutes to mix/stir thoroughly and a couple mero to get it where you want it. After that it has begun to set and becomes unworkable. It can also be purchased easily with cure/set times up to 30 minutes. The faster setting variety ends up being slightly weaker than the 30 min version.
Epoxy is used in areas requiring high strength and can also be used to fuel proof a surface.

As mentioned above CA also basicly comes in 3 main versions plus some specialty types we won't get into here. Designed for fast setting joints it isn't really IMO as strong as a good wood glue like Tite Bond II. CA's can also generate some nasty and unhealthy vapors which many have found hazardous so use with lots of fresh air. CA'd joints are difficult to sand also.

If not over-applied there will be little glue visable to turn colors.