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Old 10-23-2008 | 05:45 AM
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da Rock
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From: Near Pfafftown NC
Default RE: Prop pitch........ practice : theory


ORIGINAL: BMatthews

OK, it's not THAT bad but from testing a lot of props he did find that the numbers stamped or molded in typically only describe the prop for a rather small portion of the blade. Other than that all I see here is folks pretty much agreeing that it's the match to the engine and that electrics have changed the face of the issue pretty much completely.
One tool that will show the progression of "pitch" from hub to tip is a prop pitch gauge. All props are pretty much just wings. But the prop see air a bit differently than wings do. In fact, the prop sees airspeed and angle of attack differently from hub to tip because each portion sees different speeds from hub to tip. A wing sees much less speed change from root to tip, and much less AOA difference from root to tip than a prop sees. A pitch gauge shows you that the angle of the airfoil on a prop is extreme near the hub, and by comparison, almost flat at the tip. Why is that? Shouldn't a prop have the pitch that's written on the blade from hub to tip?

The speed the prop sees at the hub compared to the speed at the tip shows an awesome difference. And the speed at each stage on the prop is really the speed the airfoil sees at that stage. So prop designers figure out what speed the hub is going to see and using the expected rpm the blade will turn, they work out what speeds will be all the way to the tip. And then they set the angle for the airfoils all the way to the tip. The idea is to optimize those angles to the airfoil that's present at each stage to the airspeed each airfoil will see.

In fact each portion of the blade usually has a different airfoil, a different chord, a different AOA expected, a different airspeed expected. There really isn't a "pitch" angle. Each portion of the blade is expected to lift about what the pitch says it'll lift. Otherwise those portions hurt or help the efficiency of the prop to produce the advertised pitch.

The majority of thrust (lift) from a prop comes from the blade that's about half to 3/4 out the blade. The tip winds up giving less because it doesn't have more blade beyond to help keep it working. The hub end winds up doing less because it's usually got some airplane directly behind it and it's got to be a really thick profile and some other things. So if you think that looking at the angle of the blade shows you the pitch, then look about 2/3 to 3/4 out for that.

Props aren't actually screws. A screw's pitch can be measured almost exactly from the threads because the threads are going to cut their way and mechanically pull through a rigid medium. Props have to fly through their medium. And a screw's theads see the same "airspeed" (could we say, "woodspeed" or such? grin) from the point to the head lengthwise and from "root to tip" on the thread. A prop has to produce it's pitch with aerodynamics. And the angles we see from hub to tip on a prop might have a portion with an angle that matches up to something that if duplicated on a screw would match the printed pitch. But screws and props aren't the same animals.

Some mfg's actually use less angle and less airfoil toward their tips than their competitors do. It might give their props a couple hundred rpm better on the ground for example. And they know modelers think rpm on the ground means more than it does. So their props might have a competitive sales advantage. Props aren't simple sticks for sure.